Fidelity Preserved Data Hiding in Encrypted Images Based on Homomorphism and Matrix Embedding

The development of information technology has led to a significant increase in the share of multimedia traffic in data networks. This has necessitated to solve the following information security tasks in relation to multimedia data: protection against leakage of confidential information, as well as identifying the source of the leak; ensuring the impossibility of unauthorized changes; copyright protection for digital objects. To solve such kind of problems, methods of steganography and watermarking are designed that implement embedding in digital objects hidden information sequences for various purposes. In this paper, an overview of promising research in the specified area is provided. First of all, we provide basic information about this field of research and consider the main applications of its methods. Next, we review works demonstrating current trends in the development of methods and algorithms for data hiding in digital images. This review is not exhaustive; it focuses on contemporary works illustrating current research directions in the field of information embedding in digital images. This is the main feature of review, which distinguishes it from previously published reviews. The paper concludes with an analysis of identified problems in the field of digital steganography and digital watermarking.

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“…The embedding scheme presented in [71], based on homomorphism and matrix embedding. The matrix embedding option is based on the Golay code.…”

Section: A Reversible Embeddingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Steganography and Watermarking for Digital Images: A Review of Current Research Directions

2020

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“…According to the distribution graph, sort all the embeddable blocks without carrying the auxiliary data starting from the larger blocks first, top to bottom, and left to right, and then obtain the sorted embeddable block set Fig. 4 shows a blocks sorting example in a16 16  sized image, in which Fig. 4.a shows distribution graph of blocks without carrying the auxiliary data, and Fig.…”

Section: Secret Data Embeddingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then, they embed the secret data in the MSBs of these pixels in the encrypted image. Chen et al [16] used pre-coding method to reserve the embedding room before encryption and embedded the secret data with matrix embedding methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images Based on Reversible Integer Transformation and Quadtree-Based Partition

Chen

Chang

2020

IEEE Access

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This paper presents an improved secure reversible data hiding scheme in encrypted images based on integer transformation, which does not need using a data hider key to protect the embedded secret data. We first segment the original image into blocks of various sizes based on the quadtree-based image partition. For each block, we reserve m least significant bits (LSBs) of each pixel as embedding room based on the reversible integer transformation. In order to improve the security of the image encryption, we pad the mLSBs of each pixel using the corresponding (8-m) most significant bits (MSBs) information after the transformation, which protects the security of the encryption key. Then, we encrypt the transformed image with a standard stream cipher. After the image encryption, the data hider embeds the secret data in the mLSBs of the encrypted images through an exclusive or operation. On the receiving side, the receiver can extract the secret data after the image decryption and recover the original image without loss of quality. The security analysis shows that the proposed scheme improves the security weakness of the scheme directly using adaptive integer transformation. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves a higher embedding ratio compared with several relevant methods. INDEX TERMS Data hiding, encrypted images, integer transformation, quadtree. SISHENG CHEN Shan Dong University, in 2005, and the M.S. degree in applied mathematics from Fujian Normal University, in 2008. He is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree in information engineering and computer science, Feng Chia University, Taiwan. He is also a Lecturer with the Fuqing Branch of Fujian Normal University interests include multimedia security and CHIN-CHEN CHANG applied mathematics and the M.Sc. degree in computer and decision sciences from National Tsing Hua University, and the Ph.D. degree in computer engineering from National Chiao Tung University. He was with National Chung Cheng 1989 to 2005. He has been the Chair Professor with the

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“…Reversible data hiding methods [3][4][5][6][7][8] embed secret data into the image, and original image can be recovered from the marked image (i.e., the dataembedded image) during the decoding process. By contrast, irreversible data hiding methods [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] cannot reverse the marked image back to the cover image once data hiding process is completed. However, reversible data hiding methods normally require extra memory space to store the necessary Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Security for eHealth system: data hiding in AMBTC compressed images via gradient-based coding

Chen

Kao

et al. 2021

Complex Intell. Syst.

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Various eHealth applications based on the Internet of Things (IoT) contain a considerable number of medical images and visual electronic health records, which are transmitted through the Internet everyday. Information forensics thus becomes a critical issue. This paper presents a data hiding algorithm for absolute moment block truncation coding (AMBTC) images, wherein secret data, or the authentication code, can be embedded in images to enhance security. Moreover, in view of the importance of transmission efficiency in IoT, image compression is widely used in Internet-based applications. To cope with this challenge, we present a novel compression method named gradient-based (GB) compression, which is compatible with AMBTC compression. Therefore, after applying the block classification scheme, GB compression and data hiding can be performed jointly for blocks with strong gradient effects, and AMBTC compression and data hiding can be performed jointly for the remaining blocks. From the experimental results, we demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms other state-of-the-art methods.

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Fidelity Preserved Data Hiding in Encrypted Images Based on Homomorphism and Matrix Embedding

Cited by 6 publications

References 27 publications

Digital Steganography and Watermarking for Digital Images: A Review of Current Research Directions

Digital Steganography and Watermarking for Digital Images: A Review of Current Research Directions

Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images Based on Reversible Integer Transformation and Quadtree-Based Partition

Security for eHealth system: data hiding in AMBTC compressed images via gradient-based coding

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