Fidelio

Everyday Outdoor Music Life in Galician Cracow

“…There were also outdoor tea gardens, such as the well-known restaurateur Józef Tylko's venue in Zwierzyniecka Street near Planty, operating under frequently changing names (the Garden or Garden Guest Space at the Foot of Kościuszko Mound, the Swiss Valley), as well as the tea garden of Józef Masny's restaurant in Wola Justowska, Emanuel Tilles's Venetian Garden in Dębniki, Ewelina Dobrzyńska's Dairy (a summer outlet in Jordan Park), and another venue of this type in the inner courtyard of the European Hotel (next to the railway station), which was the seat first of the Public Casino, later -of the Officials' Club. 4 In these 'green' spaces, musical or music-involving events were held seasonally, approximately between 20-25 April and 15-20 October.…”

“…In those years, Cracow's ponds would typically be converted into seasonal ice rinks, run by the Society or by private persons. From the 1870s onwards, such rinks existed in 4 In this and the following footnotes concerning music-involving events in different types of spaces, for press sources I only quote the newspaper title, year, and issue. Except for direct quotations, I omit the page numbers, since notes on concerts and brief reports on local events were typically printed in regular columns titled Chronicle, Local and Foreign Chronicle, etc., usually located on pages 3 to 6.…”