Fidedignidade intra e interdias do teste de exercício de quatro segundos

Araújo, Cláudio Gil Soares de; Ricardo, Djalma Rabelo; Almeida, Marcos Bezerra de

doi:10.1590/s1517-86922003000500005

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The other case was a 29-year-old female, who, although diagnosed as extremely vagotonic in both protocols (result > 99th percentile in our laboratory's database), had a better response in the CYCLO protocol with an expressive numeric difference between the results (2.42 vs 1.90, in the CYCLO and ORTHO protocols, respectively), but with no clinical significance. This individual finding is in accordance with our experience, indicating a smaller reliability of the CVI values in vagotonic individuals 25 . Therefore, within a more generic context, the results of CVI found in our study confirm the validity of the ORTHO protocol, without the need for using a correcting equation.…”

Section: Rrc Cyclo (Ms)supporting

confidence: 93%

Validação do teste de exercício de 4 segundos em posição ortostática

Almeida¹,

Ricardo²,

Araújo³

2004

Arq. Bras. Cardiol.

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160Cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of mortality in Brazil, accounting for 32% of all recorded deaths and 10% of all hospital admissions in 2000 1 . The risk of several cardiovascular events increases many times due to autonomic dysfunction, frequently caused by a reduction in parasympathetic activity 2 , which is a strong and independent indicator of a negative prognosis 3 both in individuals with heart failure 4,5 and after infarction 6 , and even in the general population 7 .There are several valid procedures to investigate the autonomic condition of an individual, providing relevant clinical or physiological contributions, or both [8][9][10] , among which the 4-second exercise test (4sET), originally proposed by Araújo et al 11 , stands out. The 4sET is based on eliminating the vagal cardiac tonus in the first seconds of rapid exercise involving large muscle groups. The 4sET is a pharmacologically validated autonomic test, whose finality is the isolated analysis of the vagal modulation of heart rate in the initial transient of dynamic exercise 12 . Since it was reported, 4sET has been applied in the clinical area in some sports medicine and cardiology laboratories, in addition to being used as an instrument of scientific investigation in the research developed by our group 11,13-18 and also by other research centers 19 .Despite the simplicity and low cost of the 4sET, and the easy interpretation of its results, the need for a cycloergometer remains a limitation for the broader use of the test according to the original protocol. Considering that a cycloergometer is not frequently found in specialized laboratories and clinics for exercise testing, it is necessary to analyze the possibility of performing 4sET under more appropriate conditions. This study aimed to test the operational viability of the 4sET performed in the orthostatic position without an ergometer and to validate a 4sET protocol. MethodsThe study comprised 47 adults of both sexes (40±17 years, 169±9 cm, 72±14 kg) with different clinical conditions, who randomly underwent 3 consecutive repetitions of 4sET in the 2 protocols suggested as follows: 1) the CYCLO protocol using a cycloergometer, according to the original 4sET 12 ; and 2) the alternative ORTHO protocol, with 4sET performed in the orthostatic position. The first repetition in each protocol served to acquaint the individuals with the procedures, and the best result of the last 2 repetitions was considered to represent the vagal cardiac index of the individual. All participants signed the written consent before the tests. The protocol and the study design were approved by the institution. 0.84, 0.85, and 0.93, respectively (P<0.001). Original Article Validation of the 4-Second Exercise Test in the Orthostatic Position ConclusionThe 4sET performed in the orthostatic position proved to be a valid option for assessing the vagal cardiac tonus in laboratories lacking a cycloergometer, without jeopardizing clinical interpretation. In addition to simplicity and applicability, the pr...

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Section: Rrc Cyclo (Ms)supporting

confidence: 93%

Validação do teste de exercício de 4 segundos em posição ortostática

Almeida¹,

Ricardo²,

Araújo³

2004

Arq. Bras. Cardiol.

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“…A descriptive analysis of the sample is shown in Table 1. (21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28) Legend: Mean ± standard deviation (range) Source: Authors The initial transient HR increased significantly when the CVI results were compared before and 5 minutes after water intake (p = 0.002) ( Figure 2), but no differences were seen between the two volumes (p = 0.801). Regarding the average duration of RR interval, there was a significant increase in the duration of these intervals in the 20 th minute at rest (Figure 3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We used the 4sET for initial transient HR, a simple, trusted 25 , and pharmacologically validated [26][27] test that proposes to separately evaluate the integrity of the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system to assess stroke 25 . The 4Set [26][27][28] requires subjects to pedal as fast as possible on an unloaded cycle ergometer from the 5th to 9th second of a maximum inspiratory apnea of 12 seconds.…”

Section: -Second Exercise Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Ingesting 250 and 500 Ml of Water on Initial Transient Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability

Rocha¹,

Ramos²,

Araújo³

et al. 2018

J Phys Educ

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RESUMOO objetivo foi analisar o efeito da ingestão de duas quantidades de água na modulação autonômica. Participaram 26 homens, com idade entre 18 e 30 anos, foram submetidos a dois dias de intervenção e avaliação com intervalo de 24 horas. O protocolo consistiu na ingestão de 250 ou 500 mL de água, em ordem randômica. Para avaliar o TIFC no exercício dinâmico foi utilizado o índice vagal cardíaco (IVC) obtido por meio do Teste de Exercício de 4 segundos nos momentos pré e pósingestão (5º, 10º, 20º e 30º minutos). Para avaliar a modulação autonômica no repouso foi utilizada a VFC durante 30 minutos após a ingestão, quando foi registrado a FC de repouso. Os resultados apontam que após 5 minutos da ingestão de água houve um aumento do TIFC (p=0,02), sem que houvesse diferença em função dos volumes de água ingeridos (p=0,8). Na VFC não houve diferença entre os volumes ingeridos, tanto no domínio do tempo quanto no domínio da frequência. Em relação a FC de repouso, houve diferença no 20º minuto quando comparado aos demais momentos (p<0,05). Conclui-se que os nossos resultados demostraram que não houve diferença no TIFC, VFC e na FC de repouso quando foram comparadas a ingestão de 250 e 500 mL de água à temperatura ambiente em indivíduos saudáveis. Contudo, o TIFC e a FC de repouso demostraram diferença entre os momentos analisados. Palavras-chave: Hidratação. Frequência cardíaca. Sistema nervoso autonômico. ABSTRACTThe purpose was to analyze the effect of the ingestion of two amounts of water in the autonomic modulation. A total of 26 men aged 18-30 years under went 2 days of intervention and evaluation with 24 hours in between. The protocol consisted of the intake of 250 or 500 mL of water in a random order. To assess the initial transient HR during dynamic exercise, the cardiac vagal index was obtained using a 4-second exercise test during the pre-and post-ingestion periods (5, 10, 20, and 30 minutes). To evaluate autonomic modulation at home, HRV value 30 minutes after water intake was used when HR at rest was registered. The results shows: Five minutes after the water intake, the initial transient HR was increased (p = 0.02) with no difference in effect of the ingested volumes of water (p = 0.8). In HRV, there was no difference between the intake volumes in the time or frequency domains. There were differences in HR rest after 20 minutes compared to at other times (p < 0.05). In conclusion the results showed no difference in initial transient HR, HRV, or HR rest after the intake of 250 versus 500 mL of room temperature water in healthy individuals. However, resting initial transient HR and HR rest values differed among the analyzed times.

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“…coefficients from 0.77 to 0.92 in intra-and inter-days studies. 25 It is worth noting that since the validation of the 4sET two decades ago, 23 it has been widely used in various physiological and clinical investigations. [26][27][28][29] The 4sET protocol has fully been described elsewhere.…”

Section: Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac vagal index varies according to field position in male elite football players

Araújo¹,

Bottino²,

Pinto³

2018

Medical Express

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BACKGROUND: Cardiac vagal index (CVI) is supposedly higher in athletes and may differ between sports and/or between field positions. OBJECTIVE: To compare CVI: a) between elite football players vs. non-athletes and b) according to five football positions. METHOD: 242 football players of the first Brazilian/Angolan division were divided in five positions (N): goalkeepers (17), defenders (44), wingers (34), midfielders (87) and forwarders (60) and compared with 303 age-matched healthy non-athletes. CVI was estimated from a 4-second exercise test by quantifying the ratio of two cardiac cycle durations, before and at the end of a fast unloaded cycling exercise. RESULTS: Football players had resting and maximal heart rates of, respectively, 59 and 190 bpm and measured VO 2 max of 62.2 mL/(kg.min). Players and non-athletes showed similar CVI results (median-[P25-P75]) -1.63-[1.46-1.84] vs 1.61-[1.41-1.81] (p = 0.22). Wingers tended to have a higher CVI (1.84-[1.60-1.99]), especially when compared to defenders (1.53-[1.41-1.72] (p = 0.01). There was a modest non-physiologically relevant association between VO 2 max and CVI (r = 0.15). CONCLUSIONS: Football players did not differ from non-athletes in CVI; however, among players, wingers were more often vagotonic, which may represent a hemodynamic advantage for match situations, where rapid heart rate transitions and faster oxygen delivery to muscles are required.

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Fidedignidade intra e interdias do teste de exercício de quatro segundos

Cited by 12 publications

References 39 publications

Validação do teste de exercício de 4 segundos em posição ortostática

Validação do teste de exercício de 4 segundos em posição ortostática

Effects of Ingesting 250 and 500 Ml of Water on Initial Transient Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability

Cardiac vagal index varies according to field position in male elite football players

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