Fibrous root turnover and growth in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera) as affected by nitrogen shortage

Vamerali, Teofilo; Ganis, A.; Bona, S.; Mosca, Giuliano

doi:10.1023/a:1026187017605

Cited by 26 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…The closely related crop of sugar beet has been found to reach 2-to 3-m depth in the field (e.g. Weaver & Bruner, 1927;Vamerali et al, 2003). The root intensity and frequency of beetroot were smaller than those of the deep-rooted Brassicas and summer squash in accordance with Smit & Groenwold (2005).…”

Section: Root Growth Of Speciesmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…However, the biomass production was greater. On the other hand, the closely related sugar beet showed no effect on maximum root depth whereas yield, root growth rate and root density were increased in the 0.3-to 1.8-m soil layer due to N fertilization (Vamerali et al, 2003). This indicates that the response of beetroot to N inorg distribution depends on the N status of the crop in combination with other factors affecting the resource allocation during growth.…”

Section: Effects Of N Distribution On Root Growthmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Other crops showed no effect of N fertilization or distribution on root density and ⁄ or root depth (Schenk et al, 1991;ThorupKristensen & Van den Boogaard, 1999;Rather et al, 2000;Vamerali et al, 2003;Christiansen et al, 2006). This was contrasted by many studies showing that application of N or organic matter increased root density in surface soil layers (Opena & Porter, 1999;Sharifi et al, 2005) or at depth (Vamerali et al, 2003), and that final root depth was increased (Barraclough et al, 1989). However, in these fertilizer studies, interpretation of the effect of soil N inorg distribution on root growth cannot be distinguished from the effect of increased availability of nutrients on overall crop performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was typical in these studies for the effects on root growth to be connected to large differences in biomass production (e.g. Vamerali et al, 2003). Further due to limited sampling depth, effects of N fertilizer or distribution on maximum root depth and distribution are seldom reported, even for shallow-rooted crops (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of vertical distribution of soil inorganic nitrogen on root growth and subsequent nitrogen uptake by field vegetable crops

Kristensen

Thorup‐Kristensen

2007

Soil Use and Management

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Information is needed about root growth and N uptake of crops under different soil conditions to increase nitrogen use efficiency in horticultural production. The purpose of this study was to investigate if differences in vertical distribution of soil nitrogen (N inorg ) affected root growth and N uptake of a variety of horticultural crops. Two field experiments were performed each over 2 years with shallow or deep placement of soil N inorg obtained by management of cover crops. Vegetable crops of leek, potato, Chinese cabbage, beetroot, summer squash and white cabbage reached root depths of 0.5, 0.7, 1.3, 1.9, 1.9 and more than 2.4 m, respectively, at harvest, and showed rates of root depth penetration from 0.2 to 1.5 mm day )1°C)1 . Shallow placement of soil N inorg resulted in greater N uptake in the shallow-rooted leek and potato. Deep placement of soil N inorg resulted in greater rates of root depth penetration in the deep-rooted Chinese cabbage, summer squash and white cabbage, which increased their depth by 0.2-0.4 m. The root frequency was decreased in shallow soil layers (white cabbage) and increased in deep soil layers (Chinese cabbage, summer squash and white cabbage). The influence of vertical distribution of soil N inorg on root distribution and capacity for depletion of soil N inorg was much less than the effect of inherent differences between species. Thus, knowledge about differences in root growth between species should be used when designing crop rotations with high N use efficiency.

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Section: Root Growth Of Speciesmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Effects Of N Distribution On Root Growthmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effects of vertical distribution of soil inorganic nitrogen on root growth and subsequent nitrogen uptake by field vegetable crops

Kristensen

Thorup‐Kristensen

2007

Soil Use and Management

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“…Sugar beet and sweet sorghum proved to have a great capacity for exploiting the water stored in the soil, thanks to their deep root systems (Vamerali et al, 2003;Himmelbauer et al, 2004). In the two experimental years, the water stored in the two months before sowing (on average 144 mm for sugar beet and 125 mm for sorghum), and during the growing cycles, allowed the crops not to suffer from water stress, in spite of (and thanks to) deficit irrigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of a two-year sugar beet-sweet sorghum rotation to an agronomic management approach diversified by soil tillage and nitrogen fertilisation

et al. 2014

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Conservative agriculture and nitrogen fertilisation have been evaluated for the purpose of assessing their impact on the sustainability of a cropping system based on a two-year rotation with two crops considered for the bio-ethanol supply chain: sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris) and sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). The experimental activity started in 2009 in Foggia (Apulia, southern Italy). We discuss the results obtained in the 2010-2011 period. Soil minimum tillage (MT) vs no tillage (NT) combined with two doses of nitrogen fertilisation (75 and 150 kg ha -1 of mineral nitrogen as ammonium nitrate) were compared. The experimental system, which is still operational (soil tillage plus nitrogen fertilisation), was arranged with a split-plot design with three replicates. Treatments were applied on the same plots every year with both crops present at the same time. At the first harvest in 2010, no difference was observed. As to the second year, the comparison between NT vs MT treatments showed that sugar beet had lower total yield (35 vs 42 t ha -1 ), dry biomass (10 vs 14 t ha -1 ), and sucrose yield (6.7 vs 8.2 t ha -1 ). Total soluble solids, on average 19%, were not influenced by the experimental treatments. Nitrogen (N) control was less productive than the fertilised treatments (average between N75 and N150) in terms of total fresh root yield (32 vs 42 t ha -1 ), dry biomass (10 vs 14 t ha -1 ), and sucrose yield (6.0 vs 8.1 t ha -1 ). As with sugar beet, during the second year, also sweet sorghum sown in NT vs MT plots had a reduced yield, although the difference was more marked for fresh biomass (-35%) than for dry biomass (-20%). No interaction in terms of soil tillage nitrogen fertilisation occurred.In summary, in the first two-year period (2010-2011) of the experimental trial, no tillage soil management showed decreased yields of both crops. Sugar beet displayed a higher sensitivity to the lack of nitrogen supply than sweet sorghum. IntroductionMost areas of the Mediterranean basin are characterised by a negative water balance, a short and irregular rainy season, extreme temperatures in the summer, loss of organic matter, poor structuring of the soil, high salinity. These areas are often exposed to water and/or wind erosion, and desertification processes (Kassam et al., 2012).Some agricultural practices, mainly soil tillage and crop residue management, can exacerbate these conditions, therefore agronomic research suggests adopting techniques like no tillage and/or minimum tillage, which do not disturb the soil and retain or improve its chemical and physical properties.The adoption of conservation agricultural practices favours a balanced distribution of fertilisers, meets crop nutrient requirements, and offers an efficient management of irrigation water (Kassam et al., 2012;Scopel et al., 2013). Among the soil management systems, reduced soil tillage can contribute to the reduction of erosion, the maintenance and/or improvement of soil fertility as well as the increase of bi...

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Minirhizotrons in Modern Root Studies

2011

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In recent years, minirhizotrons have received increasing interest in field studies for characterising several biological processes, such as fine root production, root longevity, mycorrhization and parasitism, as collecting repeated video or digital images allows the fate of individual roots to be followed in time.This review summarises recent technical improvements in root observation and imaging, comparing results from various construction materials and installation angles. Both glass and transparent acrylic or polycarbonate tubes have shown a relatively low influence on root behaviour; tilted tubes are preferred to vertically oriented ones, in order to avoid artefacts, and to horizontal ones, which involve considerable soil disturbance during positioning in their surroundings in the open field. Precise camera positioning systems and new high-resolution (600 DPI and more) digital sensors are currently replacing external-tracked tubes and analog sensors, enhancing image capturing and quality. This allows for frequent root observation throughout the plant cycle and seasons, required for accurate estimation of root dynamics.Although manual and semi-automatic image analysis requires timing and tedious work, in the last few years minirhizotron systems have been increasingly used, thanks to fundamental advances in image analysis. The development of new algorithms for root detection and measurement in minirhizotron images has speeded up processing and research. The most interesting results in image analysis derive from the integration of luminance intensity-and geometry-based root vs. non-root classifiers. Discrepancies still remain between minirhizotron data and

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Fibrous root turnover and growth in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera) as affected by nitrogen shortage

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of vertical distribution of soil inorganic nitrogen on root growth and subsequent nitrogen uptake by field vegetable crops

Effects of vertical distribution of soil inorganic nitrogen on root growth and subsequent nitrogen uptake by field vegetable crops

Response of a two-year sugar beet-sweet sorghum rotation to an agronomic management approach diversified by soil tillage and nitrogen fertilisation

Minirhizotrons in Modern Root Studies

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