Fibronectin-, vitronectin- and laminin-binding proteins at the cell walls of Candida parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis pathogenic yeasts

Kozik, Andrzej; Karkowska‐Kuleta, Justyna; Zając, Dorota; Bocheńska, Oliwia; Kędracka–Krok, Sylwia; Jankowska, Urszula; Rapała‐Kozik, Maria

doi:10.1186/s12866-015-0531-4

Cited by 56 publications

(64 citation statements)

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“…Recent efforts have shed light on putative adhesins in the C. parapsilosis genome. Proteomic analysis of a cell wall extract from C. parapsilosis identified multiple proteins that bound to fibronectin, vitronectin, and/or laminin (17). Among these proteins were those encoded by CPAR2_404800 and CPAR2_404780, which bear significant identity to the ALS gene family (17).…”

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“…Proteomic analysis of a cell wall extract from C. parapsilosis identified multiple proteins that bound to fibronectin, vitronectin, and/or laminin (17). Among these proteins were those encoded by CPAR2_404800 and CPAR2_404780, which bear significant identity to the ALS gene family (17). These same 2 gene products were purified from extracts of C. parapsilosis surface proteins based on their binding affinity for human plasminogen and high-molecular-mass kininogen (18).…”

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Role of the Inducible Adhesin CpAls7 in Binding of Candida parapsilosis to the Extracellular Matrix under Fluid Shear

et al. 2018

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The yeast, , is an increasingly common cause of systemic fungal infections among the immune compromised, including premature infants. Adhesion to host surfaces is an important step in pathogenesis, but this process has not been extensively studied in this organism. A microfluidics assay was developed to test the ability of to adhere to immobilized host extracellular matrix proteins under physiologic fluid shear conditions. Growth in mammalian tissue culture media at 37°C for 3-6 hours led to induction of an adhesive phenotype at shear forces of 1-5 dynes/cm in some isolates of Glutamic acid, proline and calcium appeared to be the minimally necessary requirements for increased adhesion in these assays. To determine whether genes homologous to the gene family of were important for the adhesive phenotype, expression of 5 homologous genes were quantified using qPCR under conditions leading to increased adhesion. () and showed increased expression compared to control yeast. The extent of adhesion was variable among different isolates, and linear regression identified expression of but not to have a strong positive correlation with adhesion. A homozygous deletion strain was deficient in adhesion, whereas expression of in resulted in increased adhesion. Together, these data provide strong evidence that CpAls7 aids in the adherence of to extracellular matrix under shear forces and support its previously reported role in virulence.

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Role of the Inducible Adhesin CpAls7 in Binding of Candida parapsilosis to the Extracellular Matrix under Fluid Shear

et al. 2018

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“…15 One of the important roles of fungal adhesins is to bind extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins such as fibronectin, vitronectin and laminin, and a recent study identified Als-like proteins on the surface of C. parapsilosis pseudohyphae that can bind to ECM components and thus can serve as the first step to cross mechanical barriers. 20 On the genomic level, comparative genomic analyses identified an enrichment of these gene families in pathogenic Candida species and the absence of ALS orthologs in the Saccharomyces calde. 21 In addition, previous work described surprisingly large intraspecies variability in the number of ALS gene family members between C. parapsilosis isolates.…”

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Adhesins inCandida parapsilosis: Understudied players in virulence

Gácser

2016

Virulence

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“…Epidemiological data show that Candida yeasts are the most important group responsible for mycoses in humans and can cause simple superficial infections to severe systemic infections that can lead to death [90]. C. albicans is the most important and prevalent yeast pathogen.…”

Section: Systemic Mycoses Opportunistic Infectionsmentioning

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Update on Fungal Disease: From Establish Infection to Clinical Manifestation

Melo¹,

Scorzoni²,

Rossi³

et al. 2017

J Biotechnol Biomater

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Fungal diseases have emerged as an important cause of morbidity and mortality, especially among immunocompromised patients. Pathogenic fungi have evolved an array of virulence factors to survive within the host and to outwit immune defenses. Fungi may cause a wide range of diseases in humans that range in extent from superficial to disseminated infections. Generally, the site of infections classifies the type of fungal disease, which can be divided into superficial, cutaneous, subcutaneous and systemic. In addition, the fungal virulence factors determine whether the infection will become established in the host. A primary pathogen may infect an immunologically normal host, whereas, an opportunistic pathogen requires some compromise of the host immune defenses in order for the infection to become established. This article covers the main fungi that are responsible for the increase of the fungal infections.Keywords: Fungal infections; Virulence; Yeast; Opportunistic infections; Endemic mycosis Fungal InfectionsFungal diseases have changed constantly in the last years. The virulence of these microorganisms has been adapted according to the human host, promoting a range of clinical manifestation. Several are the ways by which fungi promote a disease depending on human body part involved by the microorganism and the immunologic system of the host [1].In this review, we discuss the main fungal pathogens responsible for causing several diseases, highlighting on their virulence associate to clinical manifestation and the difficulty to accomplish the treatment. Superficial and cutaneous fungal diseasesSuperficial and cutaneous fungal infections are very common and occur worldwide affecting millions of people, especially immunocompromised patients. The most common types of these infections are dermatophytosis (tinea or ringworm), pityriasis versicolor (formerly tinea versicolor) and candidiasis (moniliasis). These occur by fungal invasion into the skin, keratinized tissues and mucous membranes [2]. Trichosporon and Fusarium species also cause superficial fungal infection, but also may be considered an invasive pathogen that may cause a systemic infection [3,4].Dermatophytosis: Dermatophytes are fungi that invade keratinized structures of humans and animals producing a condition called dermatophytosis or, more commonly, tinea [5,6]. These fungi belong to three main genera Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton, of these T. rubrum is the most prevalent species worldwide [7,8]. The mechanisms of pathogenicity of these fungi are not yet well understood. There are several studies focusing on keratinolytic proteases (keratinases) produced by dermatophytes, but it is not known how these fungi regulate the use of these proteases to obtain nutrients from the stratum corneum substrate they invade, and whether there are additional roles of these proteins in adhesion and immunomodulation [9].To establish the infection, the contact of arthroconidia or hyphal fragmens with the host skin is essential. The fungi express spe...

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Fibronectin-, vitronectin- and laminin-binding proteins at the cell walls of Candida parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis pathogenic yeasts

Cited by 56 publications

References 48 publications

Role of the Inducible Adhesin CpAls7 in Binding of Candida parapsilosis to the Extracellular Matrix under Fluid Shear

Role of the Inducible Adhesin CpAls7 in Binding of Candida parapsilosis to the Extracellular Matrix under Fluid Shear

Adhesins inCandida parapsilosis: Understudied players in virulence

Update on Fungal Disease: From Establish Infection to Clinical Manifestation

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