Fibromyalgia and cytokines

Rodríguez‐Pintó, Ignasi; Agmon‐Levin, Nancy; Amital, Howard; Shoenfeld, Yehuda

doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2014.01.009

Cited by 132 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…100 Studies of cytokine levels in patients with fibro myalgia suggest that levels of the proinflam matory cytokines IL1, IL6 and IL8 are elevated, whereas TNF levels are normal, and levels of the anti inflammatory cytokines IL4 and IL10 are unchanged or reduced. [101][102][103] However, many of these studies have meth odological problems, such as small sample sizes, hetero geneous selection criteria, differing assay techniques, lack of appropriate control groups, and the failure to account for the effects of comorbid conditions (such as obesity) that affect cytokine levels. [101][102][103] A study that did account for many of these potential confounders, conducted in 707 patients with chronic multisite musculoskeletal pain, provided evidence of an increased innate immune response.…”

Section: Cytokines In Fibromyalgiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[101][102][103] However, many of these studies have meth odological problems, such as small sample sizes, hetero geneous selection criteria, differing assay techniques, lack of appropriate control groups, and the failure to account for the effects of comorbid conditions (such as obesity) that affect cytokine levels. [101][102][103] A study that did account for many of these potential confounders, conducted in 707 patients with chronic multisite musculoskeletal pain, provided evidence of an increased innate immune response. Specifically, chronic pain was more strongly associated with lipopolysaccharide-stimulated proinflam matory cytokines (particularly IFNγ and TNF) than with antiinflammatory cytokines.…”

Section: Cytokines In Fibromyalgiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurogenic neuroinflammation in fibromyalgia and complex regional pain syndrome

2015

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Although fibromyalgia and complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) have distinct clinical phenotypes, they do share many other features. Pain, allodynia and dysaesthesia occur in each condition and seem to exist on a similar spectrum. Fibromyalgia and CRPS can both be triggered by specific traumatic events, although fibromyalgia is most commonly associated with psychological trauma and CRPS is most often associated with physical trauma, which is frequently deemed routine or minor by the patient. Fibromyalgia and CRPS also seem to share many pathophysiological mechanisms, among which the most important are those involving central effects. Nonetheless, peripheral effects, such as neurogenic neuroinflammation, are also important contributors to the clinical features of each of these disorders. This Review highlights the differing degrees to which neurogenic neuroinflammation might contribute to the multifactorial pathogenesis of both fibromyalgia and CRPS, and discusses the evidence suggesting that this mechanism is an important link between the two disorders, and could offer novel therapeutic targets.

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Section: Cytokines In Fibromyalgiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cytokines In Fibromyalgiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurogenic neuroinflammation in fibromyalgia and complex regional pain syndrome

2015

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“…Several studies have shown elevated levels of the proinflammatory chemokine IL-8 (CXCL8) in both serum and CSF of patients with FMS (Ross et al, 2010;Kadetoff et al, 2012;Rodriguez-Pintó et al, 2014). However, exercise induced a decrease in the systemic concentration of IL-8 as compared with an exercise-induced increase in healthy women (Bote et al, 2012); this finding may explain the beneficial effect of mild exercise in FMS.…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Fibromyalgia Syndrome in Need of Effective Treatments

Theoharides

Tsilioni

Arbetman

et al. 2015

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

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Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic, idiopathic condition of widespread musculoskeletal pain, affecting primarily women. It is clinically characterized by chronic, nonarticular pain and a heightened response to pressure along with sleep disturbances, fatigue, bowel and bladder abnormalities, and cognitive dysfunction. The diagnostic criteria have changed repeatedly, and there is neither a definitive pathogenesis nor reliable diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers. Clinical and laboratory studies have provided evidence of altered central pain pathways. Recent evidence suggests the involvement of neuroinflammation with stress peptides triggering the release of neurosenzitizing mediators. The management of FMS requires a multidimensional approach including patient education, behavioral therapy, exercise, and pain management. Here we review recent data on the pathogenesis and propose new directions for research and treatment.

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“…Studies on cytokines in blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of chronic pain patients document low levels of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines [5][6][7][8]. Antiinflammatory as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines are produced in all organs in the body in order to achieve a balance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators in the cells.…”

Section: Difficulties Achieving Relevant Results In Measuring Pro-infmentioning

confidence: 99%