Fibril reinforced poroelastic model predicts specifically mechanical behavior of normal, proteoglycan depleted and collagen degraded articular cartilage

Korhonen, Rami K.; Laasanen, Mikko S.; Töyräs, Juha; Lappalainen, Reijo; Helminen, Heikki J.; Jurvelin, Jukka S.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9290(03)00069-1

Cited by 246 publications

(273 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The increase in PGs at 7 and 14 days paralleled an increase in matrix modulus and a decrease in permeability. These results are supported by a previous study 28 that showed enzymatic depletion of PGs in bovine cartilage resulted in a parallel decrease in matrix modulus and an increase in permeability using the fibril reinforced poroelastic model of cartilage, based on unconfined relaxation tests. Additionally, in the Korhonen et al 28 study, enzymatic depletion of collagen generated a corresponding decrease in fibril modulus.…”

Section: Response Of Articular Cartilage Explants To Unconfined Comprsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…These results are supported by a previous study 28 that showed enzymatic depletion of PGs in bovine cartilage resulted in a parallel decrease in matrix modulus and an increase in permeability using the fibril reinforced poroelastic model of cartilage, based on unconfined relaxation tests. Additionally, in the Korhonen et al 28 study, enzymatic depletion of collagen generated a corresponding decrease in fibril modulus. A significant decrease in E f and increase in permeability was noted early after cyclic loading in the Thibault et al 27 study; they suggested correlation with an increased content of ''denatured'' collagen in the loaded explants.…”

Section: Response Of Articular Cartilage Explants To Unconfined Comprsupporting

confidence: 89%

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Effect of intermittent cyclic preloads on the response of articular cartilage explants to an excessive level of unconfined compression

Wei

Golenberg

Kepich

et al. 2008

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Mechanical loading of articular cartilage can influence chondrocyte metabolism and lead to alterations in cartilage matrix composition. Most previous studies have focused on the effect of cyclic loading on cartilage mechanical properties and proteoglycan synthesis. However, the role of proteoglycans synthesized from cyclically loaded cartilage in response to an acute overload has not been elucidated. Therefore, we conducted studies where low intensity, intermittent cyclic loading was applied to chondral explants prior to an acute unconfined compression on the tissue. The chondral explants were randomly assigned to three groups: 7, 14, and 21 days of 10 cycles of 0.2 Hz sinusoidal loading at 0.5 MPa followed by an unloaded interval of 3,600 s. All explants were then taken to 25 MPa of unconfined compression. Biochemical assays were conducted to determine the tissue proteoglycan and hydroxyproline contents. The results showed cyclic preloading increased the proteoglycan content and mechanically stiffened the explants, making them more resistant to matrix damage and cell death under 25 MPa of unconfined compression up to 14 days. After 21 days of cyclic loading, however, the explants lost compressive stiffness and suffered more extensive damage in the unconfined compression test. This study investigated the role of cyclic loading in response of chondral explants to a potentially damaging, acute overload. In the long term, these types of studies may help understand the role of preconditioning of articular cartilage for in vitro or even in vivo studies of blunt force trauma to a joint. ß

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Section: Response Of Articular Cartilage Explants To Unconfined Comprsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Response Of Articular Cartilage Explants To Unconfined Comprsupporting

confidence: 89%

Effect of intermittent cyclic preloads on the response of articular cartilage explants to an excessive level of unconfined compression

Wei

Golenberg

Kepich

et al. 2008

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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“…6 This may help explain our data that showed a higher PG content and matrix modulus at 7 and 14 days for supplemented versus nonsupplemented and control specimens. Additionally, our study indicated a dramatic drop in fiber modulus versus unstressed controls at 7 days that persisted at 14 and 21 days.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Increased collagen content parallels increased cartilage stiffness. 21 Korhonen et al 6 show that removal of collagen from cartilage lowers the fiber modulus. This effect paralleled with a decreased content of explant collagen versus unstressed controls at all times in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3][4][5] Changes in PG and collagen contents of cartilage significantly alter the mechanical properties of this tissue. 6 Thus, it is reasonable to assume that cyclic preloading of cartilage can alter its mechanical properties and help determine the extent of matrix damage and cell death that will occur due to the blunt force overloading of a joint, such as during an acute knee ligament rupture. 7 Recent studies in our laboratory show that low intensity, intermittent cyclic preloading of chondral explants prior to an acute overload yields an increase in the synthesis of tissue PGs, resulting in a less severe traumatic insult for an acute overload.…”

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confidence: 99%

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High levels of glucosamine–chondroitin sulfate can alter the cyclic preload and acute overload responses of chondral explants

Wei

Haut

2009

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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A recent study by our laboratory showed that 14 days of low intensity, intermittent cyclic preloading of chondral explants elevated the concentration of proteoglycans (PGs) to cause a mechanical stiffening of the explants prior to an acute overload and limit the extent of tissue damage. Longer term loading to 21 days resulted in tissue degradation prior to the acute traumatic event and excessive damage from an acute overload. Previous studies by others showed that bathing chondral explants in a supplement of glucosaminechondroitin sulfate (glcN-CS) upregulated the synthesis of tissue PGs, particularly in stressed tissue, and the supplement served as an antiinflammatory agent. Our current hypothesis was that the supplementation of culture media with a high concentration of glcN-CS would upregulate the production of tissue PG and limit or mitigate long-term degradation of chondral explants under cyclic preloading and limit tissue damage in an acute overload. We showed that, in the presence of supplement, cyclic preloading significantly increased tissue PG content and matrix modulus by about 65 and 300%, respectively, at 21 days, resulting in a reduction of matrix damage and cell death following an acute overload. These data show a biological action of high concentrations of this supplement and its effect on the mechanical properties in this in vitro model. In vitro studies of impact loading 1,2 on cartilage show cell death and matrix damage. In contrast, in vitro and in vivo studies showed positive aspects of low intensity, intermittent compressive loading, such as increased biosynthesis of proteoglycans (PGs). [3][4][5] Changes in PG and collagen contents of cartilage significantly alter the mechanical properties of this tissue. 6 Thus, it is reasonable to assume that cyclic preloading of cartilage can alter its mechanical properties and help determine the extent of matrix damage and cell death that will occur due to the blunt force overloading of a joint, such as during an acute knee ligament rupture. 7 Recent studies in our laboratory show that low intensity, intermittent cyclic preloading of chondral explants prior to an acute overload yields an increase in the synthesis of tissue PGs, resulting in a less severe traumatic insult for an acute overload. 8 Between 14 and 21 days of cyclic preloading, the explants experience a significant PG loss that leads to a dramatic loss in mechanical properties. Acute overloading of the explanted tissue then yields matrix damage and cell death significantly greater than nonpreloaded controls. A recent study by others shows a significant loss of tissue PG and cell death with production of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-3) adjacent to damaged collagen fibers under cyclic compression at 0.5 Hz for intensities of 1 and 5 MPa over 24 h. 9 Similarly, under 0.5 MPa of 1 Hz cyclic loading, a significant increase in the MMP-2 and -9 synthesis was found after 3 h. 10 The combination of glucosamine-chondroitin sulfate (glcN-CS) was shown in in vitro studies to function as a ''...

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Extracellular Matrix

Melrose

Whitelock

2006

Wiley Encyclopedia of Biomedical Engineering

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The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex composite biomaterial with critical structural and functional roles to play in connective tissues. The cells embedded within the ECM provide the biosynthetic machinery for the synthesis and secretion of the complex array of interactive molecules that are required for its assembly. The major components of ECMs are glycoproteins, collagens, proteoglycans, and elastin. ECMs are heterogeneous both between connective tissues and within a single tissue type during development/maturation or with ECM remodeling events associated with pathologic processes. Some connective tissues are highly cellular and contain relatively little ECM (e.g., muscle, kidney, liver) whereas others contain an abundant ECM and relatively few cells (e.g., cartilage, tendon). Some tissues contain mineralized matrices (e.g., bone, dentine) whereas the ECM of others have gel‐like consistencies (e.g., vitreous humour, synovial fluid, Wharton's jelly), reflecting their relative contributions to weight bearing, internal organ cushioning, or lubrication of joint surfaces. For the purposes of this chapter, cartilage was selected as a representative tissue because of its relatively simple structure, containing ∼5% cells but approximately 90% ECM. The chondrocytes in hyaline cartilage, however, have well‐defined pericellular, territorial, and inter‐territorial matrices and characteristic cellular arrangements (chondrons) in the superficial, intermediate, and deep zones of this tissue. It is therefore possible to identify different functional compartments in the cartilage ECM and to categorize the proteins within them, which offers heuristic advantages.

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Fibril reinforced poroelastic model predicts specifically mechanical behavior of normal, proteoglycan depleted and collagen degraded articular cartilage

Cited by 246 publications

References 32 publications

Effect of intermittent cyclic preloads on the response of articular cartilage explants to an excessive level of unconfined compression

Effect of intermittent cyclic preloads on the response of articular cartilage explants to an excessive level of unconfined compression

High levels of glucosamine–chondroitin sulfate can alter the cyclic preload and acute overload responses of chondral explants

Extracellular Matrix

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