Fibre type‐specific satellite cell response to aerobic training in sedentary adults

Fry, Christopher S.; Noehren, Brian; Mula, Jyothi; Ubele, Margo F.; Westgate, Philip M.; Kern, Philip A.; Peterson, Charlotte A.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2014.271288

Cited by 109 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Pre- and post-training samples for the same subject were placed on the same slides (Fisherbrand Superfrost®/Plus microscope slides, Fisher Scientific, Wilmington, DE, USA). Immunohistochemical techniques for myosin heavy chain (MHC) type and cross-sectional area (CSA) were conducted as previously described (Fry et al 2014). Approximately 250 muscle fibers were analyzed for fiber type distribution and 200 for CSA in each sample.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-absorptive muscle protein turnover affects resistance training hypertrophy

et al. 2017

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Purpose Acute bouts of resistance exercise and subsequent training alters protein turnover in skeletal muscle. The mechanisms responsible for the changes in basal post-absorptive protein turnover and its impact on muscle hypertrophy following resistance exercise training are unknown. To determine whether post-absorptive muscle protein turnover following 12 weeks of resistance exercise training (RET) plays a role in muscle hypertrophy. In addition, we were interested in determining potential molecular mechanisms responsible for altering post-training muscle protein turnover. Methods Healthy young men (n=31) participated in supervised whole body progressive RET at 60-80% 1 repetition maximum (1-RM), 3d/wk for 3 months. Pre- and post-training vastus lateralis muscle biopsies and blood samples taken during an infusion of 13C6 and 15N phenylalanine and were used to assess skeletal muscle protein turnover in the post-absorptive state. Lean body mass (LBM), muscle strength (determined by dynamometry), vastus lateralis muscle thickness (MT), myofiber type-specific cross-sectional area (CSA), and mRNA were assessed pre- and post-RET. Results RET increased strength (12-40%), LBM (∼5%), MT (∼15%) and myofiber CSA (∼20%) (p<0.05). Muscle protein synthesis (MPS) increased 24% while muscle protein breakdown (MPB) decreased 21% respectively. These changes in protein turnover resulted in an improved net muscle protein balance in the basal state following RET. Further, the change in basal MPS is positively associated (r=0.555, p=0.003) with the change in muscle thickness. Conclusion Post-absorptive muscle protein turnover is associated with muscle hypertrophy during resistance exercise training.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-absorptive muscle protein turnover affects resistance training hypertrophy

et al. 2017

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“…Immunohistochemical techniques were conducted as previously described (15). Samples were removed from the cork at −25°C in a ThermoFisher Cryostat (Fisher Scientific HM 525X) where they were cut in 7 µm cross-sections.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein Supplementation Does Not Affect Myogenic Adaptations to Resistance Training

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Fry

Igbinigie

et al. 2017

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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It has been proposed that protein supplementation during resistance exercise training enhances muscle hypertrophy. The degree of hypertrophy during training is controlled in part through activation of satellite cells and myonuclear accretion. Purpose To determine the efficacy of protein supplementation (and the type of protein) during traditional resistance training on myofiber cross-sectional-area, satellite cell content and myonuclear addition. Methods Healthy young men participated in supervised whole body progressive resistance training 3d/wk for 12 weeks. Participants were randomized to one of three groups ingesting a daily 22g macronutrient dose of soy-dairy protein blend (PB, N=22), whey protein isolate (WP, N=15) or an isocaloric maltodextrin placebo (MDP, N=17). Lean mass, vastus lateralis myofiber-type-specific cross-sectional-area, satellite cell content and myonuclear addition were assessed pre and post resistance training. Results PB and the pooled protein treatments (PB+WP=PRO) exhibited a greater whole body lean mass %change compared to MDP (p=0.057 for PB) and (P=0.050 for PRO), respectively. All treatments demonstrated similar leg muscle hypertrophy and vastus lateralis myofiber-type-specific cross-sectional-area (P<0.05). Increases in myosin heavy chain I and II myofiber satellite cell content and myonuclei content were also detected following exercise training (P<0.05). Conclusion Protein supplementation during resistance training has a modest effect on whole body lean mass as compared to exercise training without protein supplementation and there was no effect on any outcome between protein supplement types (Blend vs Whey). However, protein supplementation did not enhance resistance exercise-induced increases in myofiber hypertrophy, satellite cell content or myonuclear addition in young healthy men. We propose that as long as protein intake is adequate during muscle overload the adaptations in muscle growth and function will not be influenced by protein supplementation.

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“…The larger MyHC II SC pool in the present study is supported by previous training studies as both 14 weeks (Verney et al, 2008) and 10 weeks (Hoedt et al, 2016) of bicycle training led to more satellite cell accretion around MyHC II muscle fibers than MyHC I fibers. The only exception is the increase in MyHC I, but not MyHC II satellite cells noted in subjects that performed 12 weeks of aerobic cycling (Fry et al, 2014). The lack of MyHC II SC expansion may be attributed to the short duration of the training program and/or the absence of high intensity cycling, as Hoedt and colleagues speculated (Hoedt et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is now widely accepted that resistance exercise is a powerful stimulus for satellite cell activation and proliferation (Crameri et al, 2004, 2007; O'Reilly et al, 2008; Mikkelsen et al, 2009; Babcock et al, 2012; Cermak et al, 2013) and, though subject to debate (O'Connor and Pavlath, 2007; McCarthy et al, 2011), satellite cell differentiation is probably permissive for large-scale muscle growth (Rosenblatt et al, 1994; Barton-Davis et al, 1999; Li et al, 2006; Petrella et al, 2008). While less is known about satellite cell behavior in response to endurance exercise, there is growing evidence that heavy endurance exercise can stimulate satellite cell proliferation following as little as one session (Darr and Schultz, 1987; Mackey et al, 2007) and that aerobic training programs can result in measurable increases in satellite cell number (Umnova and Seene, 1991; Charifi et al, 2003; Li et al, 2006; Verney et al, 2008; Shefer et al, 2010; Kurosaka et al, 2012; Fry et al, 2014; Hoedt et al, 2016; Murach et al, 2016). Notably, satellite cell pool expansion has been documented following aerobic training not only with- (Umnova and Seene, 1991; Charifi et al, 2003; Verney et al, 2008; Shefer et al, 2010; Fry et al, 2014; Murach et al, 2016) but also without measurable hypertrophy (Li et al, 2006; Kurosaka et al, 2012; Hoedt et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While less is known about satellite cell behavior in response to endurance exercise, there is growing evidence that heavy endurance exercise can stimulate satellite cell proliferation following as little as one session (Darr and Schultz, 1987; Mackey et al, 2007) and that aerobic training programs can result in measurable increases in satellite cell number (Umnova and Seene, 1991; Charifi et al, 2003; Li et al, 2006; Verney et al, 2008; Shefer et al, 2010; Kurosaka et al, 2012; Fry et al, 2014; Hoedt et al, 2016; Murach et al, 2016). Notably, satellite cell pool expansion has been documented following aerobic training not only with- (Umnova and Seene, 1991; Charifi et al, 2003; Verney et al, 2008; Shefer et al, 2010; Fry et al, 2014; Murach et al, 2016) but also without measurable hypertrophy (Li et al, 2006; Kurosaka et al, 2012; Hoedt et al, 2016). Also, chronic low-frequency stimulation (akin to endurance exercise) of animal muscle and high-intensity interval cycle training in humans induces satellite cell proliferation in the absence of muscle hypertrophy (Putman et al, 2001; Joanisse et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fiber Type-Specific Satellite Cell Content in Cyclists Following Heavy Training with Carbohydrate and Carbohydrate-Protein Supplementation

et al. 2016

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The central purpose of this study was to evaluate the fiber type-specific satellite cell and myonuclear responses of endurance-trained cyclists to a block of intensified training, when supplementing with carbohydrate (CHO) vs. carbohydrate-protein (PRO). In a crossover design, endurance-trained cyclists (n = 8) performed two consecutive training periods, once supplementing with CHO (de facto “control” condition) and the other with PRO. Each training period consisted of 10 days of intensified cycle training (ICT–120% increase in average training duration) followed by 10 days of recovery (RVT–reduced volume training; 33% volume reduction vs. normal training). Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis before and after ICT and again following RVT. Immunofluorescent microscopy was used to quantify SCs (Pax7+), myonuclei (DAPI+), and myosin heavy chain I (MyHC I). Data are expressed as percent change ± 90% confidence limits. The 10-day block of ICTCHO increased MyHC I SC content (35 ± 28%) and myonuclear density (16 ± 6%), which remained elevated following RVTCHO (SC = 69 ± 50% vs. PRE; Nuclei = 17 ± 15% vs. PRE). MyHC II SC and myonuclei were not different following ICTCHO, but were higher following RVTCHO (SC = +33 ± 31% vs. PRE; Nuclei = 15 ± 14% vs. PRE), indicating a delayed response compared to MyHC I fibers. The MyHC I SC pool increased following ICTPRO (37 ± 37%), but without a concomitant increase in myonuclei. There were no changes in MyHC II SC or myonuclei following ICTPRO. Collectively, these trained endurance cyclists possessed a relatively large pool of SCs that facilitated rapid (MyHC I) and delayed (MyHC II) satellite cell proliferation and myonuclear accretion under carbohydrate conditions. The current findings strengthen the growing body of evidence demonstrating alterations in satellite cell number in the absence of hypertrophy. Satellite cell pool expansion is typically viewed as an advantageous response to exercise. However, when coupled with our previous report that PRO possibly enhanced whole muscle recovery and increased MyHC I and II fiber size, the limited satellite cell/myonuclear response observed with carbohydrate-protein seem to indicate that protein supplementation may have minimized the necessity for satellite cell involvement, thereby suggesting that protein may benefit skeletal muscle during periods of heavy training.

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Fibre type‐specific satellite cell response to aerobic training in sedentary adults

Cited by 109 publications

References 45 publications

Post-absorptive muscle protein turnover affects resistance training hypertrophy

Post-absorptive muscle protein turnover affects resistance training hypertrophy

Protein Supplementation Does Not Affect Myogenic Adaptations to Resistance Training

Fiber Type-Specific Satellite Cell Content in Cyclists Following Heavy Training with Carbohydrate and Carbohydrate-Protein Supplementation

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