Fibre type composition in the lumbar perivertebral muscles of primates: implications for the evolution of orthogrady in hominoids

Neufuss, Johanna; Hesse, Bettina; Thorpe, Susannah K. S.; Vereecke, Evie; D’Août, Kristiaan; Fischer, Martin S.; Schilling, Nadja

doi:10.1111/joa.12130

Cited by 17 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 65 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Hence bipedal kinematics and gross muscle mechanics may explain why bipedalism is used especially to negotiate small and oddly angled arboreal supports to obtain food (Stanford, 2006;Thorpe et al 2007b). This perhaps provides some evidence in line with the argument of Myatt et al (2011) andNeufuss et al (2014) that the retention of locomotor plasticity may have been selected for in gorillas. However, more interspecies comparisons of moment arm data need to be carried out to test this hypothesis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 69%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A 3D musculoskeletal model of the western lowland gorilla hind limb: moment arms and torque of the hip, knee and ankle

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Three‐dimensional musculoskeletal models have become increasingly common for investigating muscle moment arms in studies of vertebrate locomotion. In this study we present the first musculoskeletal model of a western lowland gorilla hind limb. Moment arms of individual muscles around the hip, knee and ankle were compared with previously published data derived from the experimental tendon travel method. Considerable differences were found which we attribute to the different methodologies in this specific case. In this instance, we argue that our 3D model provides more accurate and reliable moment arm data than previously published data on the gorilla because our model incorporates more detailed consideration of the 3D geometry of muscles and the geometric constraints that exist on their lines‐of‐action about limb joints. Our new data have led us to revaluate the previous conclusion that muscle moment arms in the gorilla hind limb are optimised for locomotion with crouched or flexed limb postures. Furthermore, we found that bipedalism and terrestrial quadrupedalism coincided more regularly with higher moment arms and torque around the hip, knee and ankle than did vertical climbing. This indicates that the ability of a gorilla to walk bipedally is not restricted by musculoskeletal adaptations for quadrupedalism and vertical climbing, at least in terms of moment arms and torque about hind limb joints.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…() and Neufuss et al. () that the retention of locomotor plasticity may have been selected for in gorillas. However, more interspecies comparisons of moment arm data need to be carried out to test this hypothesis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 3D musculoskeletal model of the western lowland gorilla hind limb: moment arms and torque of the hip, knee and ankle

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…; Kojima & Okada, ; Neufuss et al. ) and muscle activity patterns (Shapiro & Jungers, , ). Muscle weights, in particular, have been used by some investigators to draw inferences about muscle function and locomotor behavior (Haxton, ; Fleagle, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies of primate epaxial muscles have focused primarily on gross anatomical descriptions (Mivart, 1865;Howell & Straus, 1933;Donisch, 1973;Kumakura & Inokuchi, 1992;Curtis, 1995;Kumakura et al 1996), muscle weights (Fleagle, 1977;Grand, 1977), metabolic profiles (Bagnall et al 1983;Ford et al 1986;Kojima & Okada, 1996;Neufuss et al 2014) and muscle activity patterns (Shapiro & Jungers, 1988. Muscle weights, in particular, have been used by some investigators to draw inferences about muscle function and locomotor behavior (Haxton, 1947;Fleagle, 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epaxial muscle fiber architecture favors enhanced excursion and power in the leaper Galago senegalensis

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Galago senegalensis is a habitual arboreal leaper that engages in rapid spinal extension during push-off. Large muscle excursions and high contraction velocities are important components of leaping, and experimental studies indicate that during leaping by G. senegalensis, peak power is facilitated by elastic storage of energy. To date, however, little is known about the functional relationship between epaxial muscle fiber architecture and locomotion in leaping primates. Here, fiber architecture of select epaxial muscles is compared between G. senegalensis (n = 4) and the slow arboreal quadruped, Nycticebus coucang (n = 4). The hypothesis is tested that G. senegalensis exhibits architectural features of the epaxial muscles that facilitate rapid and powerful spinal extension during the take-off phase of leaping. As predicted, G. senegalensis epaxial muscles have relatively longer, less pinnate fibers and higher ratios of tendon length-to-fiber length, indicating the capacity for generating relatively larger muscle excursions, higher whole-muscle contraction velocities, and a greater capacity for elastic energy storage. Thus, the relatively longer fibers and higher tendon length-to-fiber length ratios can be functionally linked to leaping performance in G. senegalensis. It is further predicted that G. senegalensis epaxial muscles have relatively smaller physiological cross-sectional areas (PCSAs) as a consequence of an architectural trade-off between fiber length (excursion) and PCSA (force). Contrary to this prediction, there are no species differences in relative PCSAs, but the smaller-bodied G. senegalensis trends towards relatively larger epaxial muscle mass. These findings suggest that relative increase in muscle mass in G. senegalensis is largely attributable to longer fibers. The relative increase in erector spinae muscle mass may facilitate sagittal flexibility during leaping. The similarity between species in relative PCSAs provides empirical support for previous work linking osteological features of the vertebral column in lorisids with axial stability and reduced muscular effort associated with slow, deliberate movements during anti-pronograde locomotion.

show abstract

“…In addition, we pay close attention to the significance of modern ecological dynamics theory, particularly plasticity (see eg. Neufuss et al 2014); and neurobiological degeneracy (see eg. Edelman and Gally, 2001), for the cheiridia (hands and feet) in particular, which suggest that circumspection needs to be applied to functional interpretation of foot (see eg.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Anatomy, Biomechanical Performance Capabilities and Potential Niche of StW 573: anAustralopithecusSkeleton (circa 3.67 Ma) From Sterkfontein Member 2, and its significance for The Last Common Ancestor of the African Apes and for Hominin Origins

Crompton

McClymont

Thorpe

et al. 2018

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

300 words) 50 51 StW 573, from Sterkfontein Member 2, dated ca 3.67 Ma, is by far the most complete 52 skeleton of an australopith to date. Joint morphology is in many cases closely matched in 53 available elements of Australopithecus anamensis (eg. proximal and distal tibial and humeral 54 joint-surfaces) and there are also close similarities to features of the scapula, in particular , of 55 KSD-VP-1/1 A. afarensis from Woranso-Mille. The closest similarities are, however, to the 56 partial skeleton of StW 431 from Sterkfontein Member 4. When considered together, both 57 StW 573 and StW 431 express an hip joint morphology quite distinct from that of A. 58 africanus Sts14, and a proximal femur of a presumed A. africanus from Jacovec Cavern at 59 Sterkfontein, StW 598. This, and other evidence presented herein, suggests there are two 60 pelvic girdle morphs at Sterkfontein, supporting Clarke (2013) in his recognition of a second 61 3 species, A. prometheus, containing StW 573 and StW 431. StW 573 is the first hominid 62 skeleton where limb proportions are known unequivocally. It demonstrates that some early 63 hominins, at the time of formation of the Laetoli footprints (3.6 Ma), were large-bodied. with 64 hindlimbs longer than forelimbs. Modelling studies on extant primates indicate that the 65 intermembral index (IMI) of StW 573, low for a non-human great ape, would have 66 substantially enhanced economy of bipedal walking over medium-to-long distances, but that 67 it was still too high for effective walking while load-carrying. It would, however, have 68 somewhat reduced the economy of horizontal climbing, but made Gorilla-like embracing of 69 large tree-trunks less possible. Consideration of both ethnographic evidence from modern 70 indigenous arboreal foragers and modern degeneracy theory cautions against prescriptive 71 interpretations of hand-and foot-function, by confirming that both human-like upright 72 bipedalism and functional capabilities of the hand and foot can be effective in short-distance 73 arboreal locomotion. 74 75 1. Introduction 76 77While it is now largely accepted that there was no phase of terrestrial knucklewalking in 78 hominin evolution (see eg., Dainton and Macho, 1999; Dainton, 2001; Clarke, 2002; Kivell 79 and Schmitt, 2009), and that australopiths show adaptations to both terrestrial bipedalism and 80 arboreal locomotion, there is still no firm consensus on whether the 'arboreal' features of 81 australopith postcrania would have been the subject of positive selection or were selectively 82 neutral anachronisms (Ward 2002(Ward , 2013. The view that the two activities must be 83 substantially mechanically incompatible is still current (see eg., Kappelman et al., 2016). The 84 two alternative paradigms date from extended debates (see eg., Latimer, 1991 versus Stern 85 and Susman, 1991) concerning the significance of the AL-288-1 'Lucy' skeleton of 86 Australopithecus afarensis in 1974. Although some one-third complete, this partial skeleton, 87 and other more recently discovered...

show abstract

Fibre type composition in the lumbar perivertebral muscles of primates: implications for the evolution of orthogrady in hominoids

Cited by 17 publications

References 65 publications

A 3D musculoskeletal model of the western lowland gorilla hind limb: moment arms and torque of the hip, knee and ankle

A 3D musculoskeletal model of the western lowland gorilla hind limb: moment arms and torque of the hip, knee and ankle

Epaxial muscle fiber architecture favors enhanced excursion and power in the leaper Galago senegalensis

Functional Anatomy, Biomechanical Performance Capabilities and Potential Niche of StW 573: anAustralopithecusSkeleton (circa 3.67 Ma) From Sterkfontein Member 2, and its significance for The Last Common Ancestor of the African Apes and for Hominin Origins

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About