Fibre Sensing System Based on Long-Period Gratings for Monitoring Aqueous Environments

Silva, Catarina; Coelho, João M. P.; Caldas, Paulo; Jorge, P. A. S.

doi:10.5772/27372

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The importance of using the FEM simulation instead of the analytical equation (11) or the approximated integral equation 8is observed in Figure 13 for the temperature at the core (middle). In fact, disregarding radiative and convective losses, adding to the important variation on the parameters values with temperature, deviates the solution by a significant amount (about 200 K at its maximum values, between each solution).…”

Section: Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The latter was used to apply the refractive index data obtained in the FEM model to simulate the transmission spectrum of a LPFG. Matcad was used to solve equations (8) and (11) and compare the temperature data with that obtained through the FEM model.…”

Section: Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, LPFGs exhibits high sensitivity to changes in the RI of the medium surrounding the fiber due to the dependence of the phase matching condition upon the effective refractive index of the cladding modes. This characteristic makes these structures very attractive for sensing applications and several configurations, as well as applications, of LPFG devices for the measurement of physical and chemical quantities have been studied [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plots of the temperature evolution during laser irradiation and cooling obtained using equations(11), analytical, and (8), integral, and the FEM model. (P=6 W; t on =0.6 s; F=0.461 N).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Writing of Long Period Fiber Gratings Using CO2 Laser Radiation

Coelho¹,

Silva²,

Nespereira³

et al. 2015

Advances in Optical Fiber Technology: Fundamental Optical Phenomena and Applications

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Section: Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plots of the temperature evolution during laser irradiation and cooling obtained using equations(11), analytical, and (8), integral, and the FEM model. (P=6 W; t on =0.6 s; F=0.461 N).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Writing of Long Period Fiber Gratings Using CO2 Laser Radiation

Coelho¹,

Silva²,

Nespereira³

et al. 2015

Advances in Optical Fiber Technology: Fundamental Optical Phenomena and Applications

Self Cite

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“…In the field of sensing systems, they are well suited to measure mechanical quantities: they can be applied as structural bend sensors, temperature sensors, axial strain sensors, refractive index sensors and biochemical optical sensors [1–7]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Finite Element Model for Writing Long-Period Fiber Gratings by CO2 Laser Radiation

Coelho

Nespereira

Abreu

et al. 2013

Sensors

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In the last years, mid-infrared radiation emitted by CO2 lasers has become increasing popular as a tool in the development of long-period fiber gratings. However, although the development and characterization of the resulting sensing devices have progressed quickly, further research is still necessary to consolidate functional models, especially regarding the interaction between laser radiation and the fiber's material. In this paper, a 3D finite element model is presented to simulate the interaction between laser radiation and an optical fiber and to determine the resulting refractive index change. Dependence with temperature of the main parameters of the optical fiber materials (with special focus on the absorption of incident laser radiation) is considered, as well as convection and radiation losses. Thermal and residual stress analyses are made for a standard single mode fiber, and experimental results are presented.

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Optical Fiber Sensors: Working Principle, Applications, and Limitations

Elsherif

Salih

Muñoz

et al. 2022

Advanced Photonics Research

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An optical fiber is a flexible, transparent, and cylindrical waveguide made of plastic or silica, with diameters slightly thicker than that of a human hair (Figure 1a). [1] Optical fibers deliver/guide light for long distances with low losses. Single-index optical fibers consist of a transparent core covered with a transparent cladding material of a lower refractive index. The total internal reflection allows for guiding light in the fiber core; however, based on the waveguide analysis the energy of the transferred light is not fully trapped in the fiber core but a portion of the light travels in the cladding as evanescent waves. When the incident light hits the core-clad interface at angles larger than its critical angle, the light is completely reflected and guided in the fiber. In contrast, the incident light which meets the interface at smaller angles is refracted into the cladding to be lost. The critical angle is the minimum angle required to attain the total internal reflection, which is determined by the refractive index difference between the core and cladding materials. [2] Fibers can be classified into two categories based on the number of guided modes: single-mode and multimode fibers.

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Fibre Sensing System Based on Long-Period Gratings for Monitoring Aqueous Environments

Cited by 8 publications

References 49 publications

Writing of Long Period Fiber Gratings Using CO2 Laser Radiation

Writing of Long Period Fiber Gratings Using CO2 Laser Radiation

3D Finite Element Model for Writing Long-Period Fiber Gratings by CO2 Laser Radiation

Optical Fiber Sensors: Working Principle, Applications, and Limitations

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