Fibre function and perception during cutaneous nerve block.

MacKenzie, Ross; Burke, David; Skuse, Nevell F.; Lethlean, A. Keith

doi:10.1136/jnnp.38.9.865

Cited by 243 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…burning upon extreme cooling), as well as to numerous masking mechanisms between A-and C-fibers (e.g. artificially reducing cold sensitivity in humans via anesthesia or compression ischemia, results innocuous skin cooling evoking burning sensations) (61,203,310). Interestingly, recent evidence in mice models of cold sensation has shown that C-fibers seems to predominantly contribute to conscious cold sensations in this animal (213).…”

Section: Peripheral Thermo-receptive Nerve Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurophysiology of Skin Thermal Sensations

Filingeri

2016

Comprehensive Physiology

105

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Undoubtedly, adjusting our thermoregulatory behavior represents the most effective mechanism to maintain thermal homeostasis and ensure survival in the diverse thermal environments that we face on this planet. Remarkably, our thermal behavior is entirely dependent on the ability to detect variations in our internal (i.e. body) and external environment, via sensing changes in skin temperature and wetness. In the past 30 years, we have seen a significant expansion of our understanding of the molecular, neuroanatomical and neurophysiological mechanisms that allow humans to sense temperature and humidity. The discovery of temperature-activated ion channels which gate the generation of action potentials in thermosensitive neurons, along with the characterization of the spino-thalamo-cortical thermosensory pathway, and the development of neural models for the perception of skin wetness, are only some of the recent advances which have provided incredible insights on how biophysical changes in skin temperature and wetness are transduced into those neural signals which constitute the physiological substrate of skin thermal and wetness sensations. Understanding how afferent thermal inputs are integrated and how these contribute to behavioral and autonomic thermoregulatory responses under normal brain function is critical to determine how these mechanisms are disrupted in those neurological conditions which see the concurrent presence of afferent thermosensory abnormalities and efferent thermoregulatory dysfunctions. Furthermore, advancing the knowledge on skin thermal and wetness sensations is crucial to support the development of neuro-prosthetics. In light of the above, this review will focus on the peripheral and central neurophysiological mechanisms underpinning skin thermal and wetness sensations in humans.

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Section: Peripheral Thermo-receptive Nerve Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurophysiology of Skin Thermal Sensations

Filingeri

2016

Comprehensive Physiology

105

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“…C-fiber nociceptors have also been implicated in sensitivity to innocuous temperature (12)(13)(14). We therefore also asked whether PLC␤3-deficient mice could discriminate between 2 innocuous temperatures (30 vs. 40°C).…”

Section: Behavioral Responses To Innocuous or Noxious Thermal Mechanmentioning

confidence: 99%

TRPV1-expressing primary afferents generate behavioral responses to pruritogens via multiple mechanisms

Isowa

Park

Lee

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

391

437

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The mechanisms that generate itch are poorly understood at both the molecular and cellular levels despite its clinical importance. To explore the peripheral neuronal mechanisms underlying itch, we assessed the behavioral responses (scratching) produced by s.c. injection of various pruritogens in PLC␤3-or TRPV1-deficient mice. We provide evidence that at least 3 different molecular pathways contribute to the transduction of itch responses to different pruritogens: 1) histamine requires the function of both PLC␤3 and the TRPV1 channel; 2) serotonin, or a selective agonist, ␣-methylserotonin (␣-Me-5-HT), requires the presence of PLC␤3 but not TRPV1, and 3) endothelin-1 (ET-1) does not require either PLC␤3 or TRPV1. To determine whether the activity of these molecules is represented in a particular subpopulation of sensory neurons, we examined the behavioral consequences of selectively eliminating 2 nonoverlapping subsets of nociceptors. The genetic ablation of MrgprD ؉ neurons that represent Ϸ90% of cutaneous nonpeptidergic neurons did not affect the scratching responses to a number of pruritogens. In contrast, chemical ablation of the central branch of TRPV1 ؉ nociceptors led to a significant behavioral deficit for pruritogens, including ␣-Me-5-HT and ET-1, that is, the TRPV1-expressing nociceptor was required, whether or not TRPV1 itself was essential. Thus, TRPV1 neurons are equipped with multiple signaling mechanisms that respond to different pruritogens. Some of these require TRPV1 function; others use alternate signal transduction pathways.itch ͉ PLCb3 ͉ scratching

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“…From 1975 to 1990, Mackenzie and several other investigators provided a key insight into the neural basis of thermal reception and perception (20)(21)(22)(23). They found that a blockage of myelinated fibers (A-fibers) by ischemia or compression allows cold stimuli to activate non-myelinated C-fibers and to evoke heat or burning sensations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to this model, when the skin is stimulated by noxious cold temperatures, both C2 fibers and CMHC fibers will be activated, leading to pain sensation ( Figure 2B). Since cold stimuli evoke a hot or burning pain sensation following a blockage of A-fibers (20)(21)(22)(23), the cold quality of cold pain may be either encoded by an unknown population of myelinated nociceptors that respond to noxious cold or encoded by a transient activation of Aδ-cold fibers ( Figure 2B). Inactivation of Aδ-cold fibers at noxious cold temperatures (18) also removes cold-induced pain inhibition, which in turn allows more C2 fibers to activate the pain pathway.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Labeled lines meet and talk: population coding of somatic sensations

Ma¹

2010

J. Clin. Invest.

142

121

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The somatic sensory system responds to stimuli of distinct modalities, including touch, pain, itch, and temperature sensitivity. In the past century, great progress has been made in understanding the coding of these sensory modalities. From this work, two major features have emerged. First, there are specific neuronal circuits or labeled lines transmitting specific sensory information from the skin to the brain. Second, the generation of specific sensations often involves crosstalk among distinct labeled lines. These features suggest that population coding is the mechanism underlying somatic sensation.

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Fibre function and perception during cutaneous nerve block.

Cited by 243 publications

References 24 publications

Neurophysiology of Skin Thermal Sensations

Neurophysiology of Skin Thermal Sensations

TRPV1-expressing primary afferents generate behavioral responses to pruritogens via multiple mechanisms

Labeled lines meet and talk: population coding of somatic sensations

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