Fibers, Elastomeric

Abstract

Elastomeric fibers can be made from natural or synthetic polymeric materials that provide product with high elongation, low modulus, and good recovery from stretching. These fibers are made primarily from polyisoprenes (natural rubber) or polyurethanes and to a lesser extent, segmented polyesters. In the United States the generic designation spandex has been given to a manufactured fiber in which the fiber‐forming substance is a long‐chain synthetic polymer comprised of at least 85% of a segmented polyurethane. Manufacture of cut rubber and extruded latex thread are discussed. Spandex fiber can be produced by four processes: melt extrusion, reaction spinning, solution dry spinning (the most common method) and solution wet spinning. Uses for cut thread and extruded latex are as a covered rubber in narrow fabrics, braids, surgical hosiery, and strip lace. Spandex fibers are used extensively in sportswear and hosiery products.