Fiber Type-Specific Effects of Dietary Nitrate

Jones, Andrew M.; Ferguson, Scott K.; Bailey, Stephen J.; Vanhatalo, Anni; Poole, David C.

doi:10.1249/jes.0000000000000074

Cited by 118 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Instead, the ergogenic effect of BRJ may be better explained by other physiological changes. Interestingly, recent murine model studies have identified effects of NO 3 − which appear to be selective to type II muscle (for review, see Jones et al 2016), and may be of mechanistic relevance in the present study given the likely high recruitment of type II fibers during the 1500 m TT (Essén 1978;Sale 1987). NO 3 − supplementation was reported to augment blood flow and thus O 2 delivery to type II muscle in exercising rats (Ferguson et al 2013(Ferguson et al , 2015.…”

Section: Effects Of Brj On 1500 M Tt Performancementioning

confidence: 51%

“…Recent data from murine models suggest that NO 3 − supplementation elevates blood flow and oxygenation (Ferguson et al 2013(Ferguson et al , 2015, and increases calcium (Ca 2+ ) handling protein expression and force production (Hernandez et al 2012) in type II muscle only (for review, see Jones et al 2016). Therefore, the beneficial effects of NO 3 − supplementation might be restricted to, or most pronounced during, exercise where type II fibers are predominantly recruited (Breese et al 2013;Bailey et al 2015;Coggan et al 2015), such as during short duration exercise where a higher relative work rate can be adopted (Essén 1978;Sale 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary nitrate supplementation enhances short but not longer duration running time-trial performance

et al. 2017

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TT performance between conditions (2643.1 ± 324. 1 vs. 2649.9 ± 319.8 s, P > 0.05). Conclusion Acute BRJ supplementation significantly enhanced 1500 m, but not 10,000 m TT performance. These findings suggest that BRJ might be ergogenic during shorter distance TTs which allow for a high work rate, but not during longer distance TTs, completed at a lower work rate. ) supplementation on physiological functioning and exercise performance in trained runners/triathletes conducting short and longer-distance treadmill running time-trials (TT). Method Eight trained male runners or triathletes completed four exercise performance tests comprising a 10 min warm up followed by either a 1500 or 10,000 m treadmill TT. Exercise performance tests were preceded 3 h before the exercise by supplementation with either 140 ml concentrated nitrate-rich (~12.5 mmol nitrate) (BRJ) or nitratedeplete (~0.01 mmol nitrate) (PLA) beetroot juice. Results BRJ supplementation significantly elevated plasma [NO 2 − ] (P < 0.05). Resting blood pressure and exercise V O 2 were not significantly different between BRJ and PLA (P > 0.05). However, post-exercise blood [lactate] was significantly greater in BRJ following the 1500 m TT (6.6 ± 1.2 vs. 6.1 ± 1.5 mM; P < 0.05), but not significantly different between conditions in the 10,000 m TT (P > 0.05). Performance in the 1500 m TT was significantly faster in BRJ vs. PLA (319.6 ± 36.2 vs. 325.7 ± 38.8 s; P < 0.05). Conversely, there was no significant difference in 10,000 m Communicated by Keywords

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Section: Effects Of Brj On 1500 M Tt Performancementioning

confidence: 51%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary nitrate supplementation enhances short but not longer duration running time-trial performance

et al. 2017

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“…Further, there is evidence from murine model investigations that nitrate supplementation may enhance tissue blood flow [41,42] and muscle contractile function [9] preferentially in type II muscle fibres. It is therefore possible that nitrate supplementation is more effective during shorter more high-intensity exercise, during which these muscle fibres are more heavily recruited [9,[43][44][45]64], or else in individuals with greater distribution of type II muscle fibres [43]. The time-trial duration employed in this study (< 6 minutes) was considerably less than other investigations (~ 17 -48 minutes) which have not observed an ergogenic effect of nitrate supplementation in hypoxia [38][39][40], and may be important.…”

Section: Effect Of Nitrate Supplementation On Running Performance In mentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Evidence from murine models suggests that the effects of dietary nitrate supplementation may be fibre type specific, increasing muscle perfusion and oxygenation [41,42], and enhancing calcium handling and force production [9] in type II muscle fibres only, as may be recruited during high-intensity exercise (for review, see Jones et al [43]). Moreover, nitrate supplementation has been demonstrated to elicit beneficial effects when the contribution of type II muscle towards force generation is high, including at fast but not slow muscle contraction frequencies [44], and during the transition from moderate to severe but not unloaded to moderate intensity exercise [45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary nitrate supplementation enhances high-intensity running performance in moderate normobaric hypoxia, independent of aerobic fitness

et al. 2016

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Nitrate-rich beetroot juice (BRJ) increases plasma nitrite concentration, lowers the oxygen cost (V O2) of steady-state exercise and improves exercise performance in sedentary and moderately-trained, but rarely in well-trained individuals exercising at sea-level. BRJ supplementation may be more effective in a hypoxic environment, where the reduction of nitrite into nitric oxide (NO) is potentiated, such that well-trained and less well-trained individuals may derive a similar ergogenic effect.We conducted a randomised, counterbalanced, double-blind placebo controlled trial to determine the effects of BRJ on treadmill running performance in moderate normobaric hypoxia (equivalent to 2500 m altitude) in participants with a range of aerobic fitness levels. Twelve healthy males (V O2max ranging from 47.1 -76.8 ml·kg -1 ·min -1 ) ingested 138 ml concentrated BRJ (~ 15.2 mmol nitrate) or a nitrate-deplete placebo (PLA) (~ 0.2 mmol nitrate). Three hours later, participants completed steady-state moderate intensity running, and a 1500 m time-trial (TT) in a normobaric hypoxic chamber (FIO2 ~15 %). Plasma nitrite concentration was significantly greater following BRJ versus PLA 1 hour post supplementation, and remained higher in BRJ throughout the testing session (p < 0.01). Average V O2 was significantly lower (BRJ: 18.4 ± 2.0, PLA: 20.4 ± 12.6 ml·kg -1 ·min -1 ; p = 0.002), whilst arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) was significantly greater (BRJ: 88.4 ± 2.7, PLA: 86.5 ± 3.3 %; p < 0.001) following BRJ. BRJ improved TT performance in all 12 participants by an average of 3.2 % (BRJ: 331.1 ± 45.3 vs. PL: 341.9 ± 46.1 s; p < 0.001). There was no apparent relationship between aerobic fitness and the improvement in performance following BRJ (r 2 = 0.05, p > 0.05). These findings suggests that a high nitrate dose in the form of a BRJ supplement may improve running performance in individuals with a range of aerobic fitness levels conducting moderate and high-intensity exercise in a normobaric hypoxic environment.

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“…This may be a consequence of the higher baseline pool of NO metabolites already present in this cohort (Vassalle et al, 2003), the elevated activity and presence of the NOS enzymes (McConell et al, 2007), or greater proportion of type I muscle fibres, which are believed to be less receptive to the effects of nitrate supplementation (Ferguson et al, 2013;Hernandez et al, 2012;Jones et al, 2016). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Swimming Performance in Trained Swimmers

Lowings¹,

Shannon²,

Deighton³

et al. 2017

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

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Nitrate supplementation appears to be most ergogenic when oxygen availability is restricted and subsequently may be particularly beneficial for swimming performance due to the breathhold element of this sport. This represents the first investigation of nitrate supplementation and swimming time-trial (TT) performance.In a randomised double-blind repeated-measures crossover study, ten (5male, 5female) trained swimmers ingested 140ml nitrate-rich (~12.5mmol nitrate) or nitrate-depleted (~0.01mmol nitrate) beetroot juice. Three hours later, subjects completed a maximal effort swim TT comprising 168m (8 x 21m lengths) backstroke.Pre-exercise fractional exhaled nitric oxide concentration was significantly elevated with nitrate compared to placebo (17±9 vs. 7±3p.p.b., p=0.008). Nitrate supplementation had a likely trivial effect on overall swim TT performance (mean difference 1.22s; 90% CI -0.18-2.6s; 0.93%; p=0.144; d=0.13; unlikely beneficial (22.6%), likely trivial (77.2%), most unlikely negative (0.2%)). The effects of nitrate supplementation during the first half of the TT were trivial (mean difference 0.29s; 90% CI -0.94-1.5s; 0.46%; p=0.678; d=0.05), but there was a possible beneficial effect of nitrate supplementation during the second half of the TT (mean difference 0.93s; 90% CI 0.13-1.70s; 1.36%; p=0.062; d=0.24; possibly beneficial (63.5%), possibly trivial (36.3%), most unlikely negative (0.2%)). The duration and speed of underwater swimming within the performance did not differ between nitrate and placebo (both p>0.30).Nitrate supplementation increased nitric oxide bioavailability but did not benefit short-distance swimming performance or the underwater phases of the TT. Further investigation into the effects of nitrate supplementation during the second half of performance tests may be warranted.3

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Fiber Type-Specific Effects of Dietary Nitrate

Cited by 118 publications

References 41 publications

Dietary nitrate supplementation enhances short but not longer duration running time-trial performance

Dietary nitrate supplementation enhances short but not longer duration running time-trial performance

Dietary nitrate supplementation enhances high-intensity running performance in moderate normobaric hypoxia, independent of aerobic fitness

Effect of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Swimming Performance in Trained Swimmers

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