Fiber type composition of epaxial muscles is geared toward facilitating rapid spinal extension in the leaper <i>Galago senegalensis</i>

Huq, Emranul; Taylor, Andrea B.; Su, Zuowei; Wall, Christine E.

doi:10.1002/ajpa.23405

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…CSAs (µm 2 ) of a subset of approximately 50 cells [ 114 ] per muscle region were measured using the ‘Polygon’ and ‘Freehand selection’ tools in ImageJ. Selected cells were representative of the staining patterns for each of the four antibodies for each muscle region.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tissue preservation and formalin fixation can reduce the availability of reactive sites, potentially resulting in variable and diminished staining intensity [112,113]. We thus used an IHC protocol specifically developed and tested by the Department of Pathology to improve the staining of formalin-fixed tissue [55,99,114]. Briefly, each paraffin-embedded muscle block was sectioned at 5 µm using a cryostat.…”

Section: Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of jaw-muscle fibre-type phenotypes on estimating maximum muscle and bite forces in primates

Holmes

Taylor

2021

Interface Focus.

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Numerous anthropological studies have been aimed at estimating jaw-adductor muscle forces, which, in turn, are used to estimate bite force. While primate jaw adductors show considerable intra- and intermuscular heterogeneity in fibre types, studies generally model jaw-muscle forces by treating the jaw adductors as either homogeneously slow or homogeneously fast muscles. Here, we provide a novel extension of such studies by integrating fibre architecture, fibre types and fibre-specific tensions to estimate maximum muscle forces in the masseter and temporalis of five anthropoid primates: Sapajus apella ( N = 3), Cercocebus atys ( N = 4), Macaca fascicularis ( N = 3), Gorilla gorilla ( N = 1) and Pan troglodytes ( N = 2). We calculated maximum muscle forces by proportionally adjusting muscle physiological cross-sectional areas by their fibre types and associated specific tensions. Our results show that the jaw adductors of our sample ubiquitously express MHC α-cardiac, which has low specific tension, and hybrid fibres. We find that treating the jaw adductors as either homogeneously slow or fast muscles potentially overestimates average maximum muscle forces by as much as approximately 44%. Including fibre types and their specific tensions is thus likely to improve jaw-muscle and bite force estimates in primates.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of jaw-muscle fibre-type phenotypes on estimating maximum muscle and bite forces in primates

Holmes

Taylor

2021

Interface Focus.

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“…Future studies of the iliopectineal tubercle and associated musculature would benefit from incorporating these taxa more extensively. Furthermore, though a myriad of research has established how differences in muscle fiber type composition is related to function in primate locomotion (Hall-Craggs, 1974; Sickles & Pinkstaff, 1981; Acosta & Roy, 1987; Schmidt & Schilling, 2007; Huq et al, 2018), comparative immunohistochemical analyses of the primate adductor muscles are lacking. A significant difference in adductor longus fiber type and muscle architecture among the apes could prove critical for determining if the muscle is unique in Pongo in its form or function and may provide data on its influence in forming the iliopectineal tubercle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large pelvic tubercle in orangutans relates to the adductor longus muscle

Shearer

Muchlinski

Hammond

2019

PeerJ

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Orangutan pelves commonly exhibit a large, projecting tubercle in the iliopubic region, historically assumed to homologous to the pubic tubercle in humans. However, it is not clear whether this tubercle is a unique feature of Pongo, or if it is anatomically homologous with the human pubic tubercle when considered as a soft tissue attachment point. To clarify this issue, we dissected orangutan and other ape cadaveric specimens to evaluate the pelvic brim soft tissues and how they may relate to the tubercle (when present). We additionally conducted a broad osteological survey of pelvic brim morphology across 28 primate genera (n = 294 specimens) to document the presence of the tubercle in primate pelves. Cadaveric dissections revealed that the tubercle is exclusively associated with the proximal attachment of the adductor longus muscle tendon in orangutans. Our osteological survey confirms that the tubercle is both constantly present and very prominent in orangutans. We observed that the tubercle is consistently situated along the pectineal line, lateral to where the pubic tubercle in humans is found, thereby making its structural homology unlikely. The osteological survey documented the tubercle at polymorphic frequencies in all hominoid taxa, though generally less protuberant than observed in Pongo. We argue that this further excludes its possibility of homology with the pubic tubercle, and that it may therefore be more appropriately be considered an adductor longus tubercle. We discuss possible functional and phylogenetic implications for this feature.

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“…菊池泰弘 1) ＊、小島龍平 2) 、布施裕子 3) 、木下勇貴 4) 、岡健司 5) 、藤野健 6) 1)佐賀大学医学部生体構造機能学講座 2)埼玉医科大学保健医療学部理学療法学科 3)医療法人敬愛会リハビリテーション天草病院 4)京都大学霊長類研究所進化形態分野 5)大阪河﨑リハビリテーション大学理学療法学専攻 6)Kenʼs Veterinary Clinic Tokyo --------情報・話題情報・話題 -------- (Slijper, 1946;Shapiro, 1993;Kikuchi et al, 2015 (Kapandji, 1974;Thompson et al, 2015;Blickhan et al, 2020;Kinoshita et al, 2021) (Huq et al, 2015(Huq et al, , 2018…”

Section: 筋骨格形態と動作解析から探る霊長類体幹の機能学的解釈unclassified