Fiber Single‐Crystal Growth from the Melt for Optical Applications

Lebbou, Kheirréddine; Perrodin, Didier; Chani, Valery; Brenier, A.; Tillement, Olivier; Aloui, Ouassila; Fourmigué, Jean-Marie; Didierjean, Julien; Balembois, François; Gorges, Patrick

doi:10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00773.x

Cited by 37 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This is a critical factor that allows the production of high-quality μ-PD fibers with shapes close to that of an ideal cylinder. The shape of the interface is an additional growth parameter that represents the relationship between the axial and the radial temperature gradient in the vicinity of the interface, and finally the ability of the growth system to prevent faceting of the fibers [20].…”

Section: Bulk and Fiber Yag Crystals Grown By Czochralski And µ-Pdmentioning

confidence: 99%

YAG:Nd3+: μ-PD and Czochralski Growth and Properties

Lebbou

Perrodin

2007

Shaped Crystals

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Abstract. Y3Al5O12 (YAG) fiber-shaped single crystals about 1 m long and 0.3-1.0 mm in diameter, intended for laser applications, are discussed. Crystals with these dimensions are difficult to produce by simply cutting bulk crystals grown by the Czochralski technique or other related melt growth processes. The shape of the fibers permits the development of new optical components based on YAG crystals that have optical and thermal efficiencies that approach those of silica glass fibers. This chapter compares the physicochemical properties of YAG bulk and fiber crystals. The potential development of lasers based on single-crystalline fibers is discussed.

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Section: Bulk and Fiber Yag Crystals Grown By Czochralski And µ-Pdmentioning

confidence: 99%

YAG:Nd3+: μ-PD and Czochralski Growth and Properties

Lebbou

Perrodin

2007

Shaped Crystals

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“…Thus, small crystal diameter (usually 0.5 -1.0 mm) and lack of precise loading cells are two main problems to overcome. Application of weight sensors for measurement of solidification rate was already tested [6,12]. However, the diameter control was not yet demonstrated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Number of congruently melting fiber crystals including LiNbO 3 (LN) [1][2][3], Ca 3 (Li,Nb,Ga) 5 O 12 (CLNGG) [4], Y 3 A1 5 O 12 (YAG) [5,6], Bi 4 Ge 3 O 12 (BGO) [7], Tb 3 Ga 5 O 12 (TGG) [8], etc. was grown by micro-pulling-down (µ-PD) technique ( Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaporation induced diameter control in fiber crystal growth by micro‐pulling‐down technique: Bi₄Ge₃O₁₂

Chani¹,

Lebbou

Hautefeuille

et al. 2006

Cryst. Res. Technol.

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Diameter self-control was established in Bi 4 Ge 3 O 12 fiber crystal growth by micro-pulling-down technique. In accordance with Bi 2 O 3 -GeO 2 phase diagram, the diameter was controlled due to compensation of solidification with evaporation of volatile Bi 2 O 3 self-flux charged into the crucible with excess. The crucibles had capillary channels of 310 or 650 µm in outer diameter. The crystals up to 400 mm long and 50-300 µm in diameter were grown at pulling-down rates of 0.04-1.00 mm/min. The melt composition and the pulling rate were generally only two parameters determining solidification rate. As a result, crystals with uniform (± 10%) diameter and aspect ratio up to 10 4 were produced without automation of the process.

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“…For example, Fletcher et al (2002) utilized a micro-nozzle to create a 15 lm diameter jet that was used to deliver drugs to small blood vessels in the retina, negating the need to use a needle. Lebbou et al (2006) describe a system for production of single-crystal fibers using a melt pull-down technique, in which a liquid metal is pulled through a micro-nozzle and focused into a long, single-crystal optical fiber. Micro nozzles are also used to generate a fine spray that forms the precursor for gas-phase synthesis of nanoparticles (Mädler 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggregate growth and breakup in particulate suspension flow through a micro-nozzle

Mousel

Marshall

2009

Microfluid Nanofluid

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A computational study is reported on the growth of aggregates in flow of a particulate suspension through a micro-nozzle. The study employs a soft-sphere discrete element method (DEM) with van der Waals adhesion force between the particles in two-dimensional, incompressible channel flow. A new computational approach for particle transport in complex domains is developed which uses a background Cartesian grid for efficient flow field interpolation at the particle locations, together with a level-set method to represent the nozzle boundaries in the particle computation. Three mechanisms for the growth or breakup of particulate aggregates in the micro-nozzle are examined: (1) enhanced particle collision due to lateral compression as fluid elements pass through the nozzle, (2) stretching of aggregates due to axial stretching of fluid elements, and (3) collision and intermittent adhesion of particles to the nozzle wall. The first of these mechanisms leads to aggregate growth, and the second to aggregate breakup. The wall collision and adhesion mechanism can enhance either aggregate growth or breakup, but it is found in most cases to be a primary agent in the breakup of incident aggregates as part of the aggregate attaches to the nozzle wall and is torn from the remainder of the aggregate due to the high shear near the walls. Simplified models for these processes are developed and used to interpret the trends observed in the DEM simulations. The effects of particle adhesion parameter, particle size and density, particle concentration, and nozzle geometry are examined. It is found that passage of a particulate suspension through a nozzle can lead to either a substantial decrease in aggregate size or a modest increase under different conditions, depending in part on the size of the incident aggregates.

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Fiber Single‐Crystal Growth from the Melt for Optical Applications

Cited by 37 publications

References 22 publications

YAG:Nd3+: μ-PD and Czochralski Growth and Properties

YAG:Nd3+: μ-PD and Czochralski Growth and Properties

Evaporation induced diameter control in fiber crystal growth by micro‐pulling‐down technique: Bi₄Ge₃O₁₂

Aggregate growth and breakup in particulate suspension flow through a micro-nozzle

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Fiber Single‐Crystal Growth from the Melt for Optical Applications

Cited by 37 publications

References 22 publications

YAG:Nd3+: μ-PD and Czochralski Growth and Properties

YAG:Nd3+: μ-PD and Czochralski Growth and Properties

Evaporation induced diameter control in fiber crystal growth by micro‐pulling‐down technique: Bi4Ge3O12

Aggregate growth and breakup in particulate suspension flow through a micro-nozzle

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Product

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Evaporation induced diameter control in fiber crystal growth by micro‐pulling‐down technique: Bi₄Ge₃O₁₂