Fiber requirements of dairy cows: optimum fiber level in lucerne-based diets for high producing cows

Kawas, Jorge R.; Jorgensen, N.A.; Danelón, J. L.

doi:10.1016/0301-6226(91)90002-8

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Low-quality silage fed with LFCR had a lower milk yield compared with high-quality silage fed with HFCR, as also indicated by Kristensen and Skovborg (1990) and Kawas et al (1991). In the current study, a relationship was present between energy intake and milk yield, but not between ration digestibility and milk yield, because the differences in forage digestibilities were not fully mirrored in ration digestibilities.…”

Section: Milk Yield and Compositionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Effects of maturity and harvest season of grass-clover silage and of forage-to-concentrate ratio on milk production of dairy cows

Alstrup

Søegaard

Weisbjerg

2016

Journal of Dairy Science

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This study examined the effects of maturity and season of harvest of grass-clover silages and forage:concentrate ratio (FCR) on feed intake, milk production, chewing activity, digestibility, and fecal consistency of Holstein dairy cows. Comparison included 2 cuts in spring season (early and late) and 2 cuts in summer season (early and late) combined with high FCR (80:20; HFCR) and low FCR (50:50; LFCR). The experiment included 24 lactating Holstein cows arranged as 2 repeated 4 × 4 Latin squares with four 21-d periods and included measurements of feed composition, feed intake, milk production and composition, chewing activities, digestibilities, and fecal dry matter (DM) concentration and scoring. Forages were fed as two-thirds grass-clover and one-third corn silage supplemented with either 20 or 50% concentrate. Rations were fed ad libitum as total mixed rations. Early maturity cuts were more digestible than late maturity cuts, which was also reflected in a lower concentration of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in early maturity cuts, whereas summer cuts had a higher crude protein concentration than spring cuts. Increased maturity decreased the intake of DM and energy, increased NDF intake, and decreased the yield of energy-corrected milk (ECM). Summer cuts increased the ECM yield compared with spring cuts. Milk yield (kg and kilogram of ECM) was numerically higher for cows fed early summer cut, independent of FCR in the ration. Milk protein concentration decreased, or tended to decrease, with maturity. For LFCR, the milk fat concentration increased with maturity resulting in a decreased protein:fat ratio. At HFCR, increased maturity increased the time spent chewing per kilogram of DM. Digestibility of silages was positively correlated with the fecal DM concentration. The DM intake and ECM yield showed no significant response to FCR in the ration, but the milk composition was affected. The LFCR decreased the milk fat percentage and increased the milk protein percentage numerically followed by a higher protein:fat ratio. Total chewing time per kilogram of DM decreased and total chewing time per kilogram of NDF increased with LFCR. This study indicates that silages from summer cuts have a similar value for milk production as do spring cuts, when forage digestibility is taken into account. Moreover, it appears that supplementation of extra concentrate has no effect on ECM production when forages with a high digestibility are fed, and that the physical structural value is adequate even when feeding high digestible forages.

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Section: Milk Yield and Compositionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Effects of maturity and harvest season of grass-clover silage and of forage-to-concentrate ratio on milk production of dairy cows

Alstrup

Søegaard

Weisbjerg

2016

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…This can be explained by the decline in plant tenderness due to development of xylem tissues for water transport, and the accumulation of cellulose and other complex carbohydrates in later stage of the plants. An optimum range of 17-21% ADF and 25-33% NDF for cows during their milk production peak has been suggested in the past (Kawas et al 1991, Zebeli et al 2008. However, our data for blue panic ADF and NDF contents were similar to many warm season grasses, including Bothriochloa ischaemum, Cynodon dactylon, Eragrostis curvula (Restelatto et al 2014;Soto-Navarro et al 2014).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

FEED VALUE OF BLUE PANIC (Panicum antidotale retz.) GRASS AT DIFFERENT GROWTH STAGES AND UNDER VARYING LEVELS OF HUMIC ACID IN SALINE CONDITIONS

Daur¹

2016

Turkish Journal of Field Crops

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This study underscored an underexploited crop, blue panic grass as a potential crop for hot and saline regions. It investigated feed value of the crop at two growth stages, before flowering (BF) and after flowering (AF), and under different levels of humic acid application (HA, at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 kg ha −1). Significant (P < 0.05) effects of different growth stages, HA while non-significant effect of their interactions were observed for various parameters. Low dry matter (DM) was recorded for cutting at BF than that for AF, whereas the DM production increased with increasing HA levels. For plants at BF stage, low acid detergent fiber (ADF) and low neutral detergent fiber (NDF) levels were observed. In contrast, leaf/stem ratio, digestible dry matter (DDM), crude protein (CP) content, and the concentrations of macro and micro elements, were all high in plants at BF stage. A similar pattern for all the above mentioned parameters was observed for augmentation of HA. The study suggests the application of 75-90 kg ha-1 HA to the soil, whereas cutting of the crop at BF stage for enhancing both the yield and quality of the crop. Furthermore, findings of this study are expected to be a valuable reference for researchers and producers, because it broadly highlights the grass feed values.

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“…It is important to differentiate between a depressed appetite and the inability to prehend food due to other causes (e.g., pain, paralysis). Dairy cattle with ad lib access to feed eat for 5.0 ± 2.5 h per day in a feedlot system (dependent on tie or free-stall system, diet, and physiological status of the dairy cattle individual of interest) and 7.0 ± 3.5 h in pasture-based systems (dependent on sward characteristics such as lush pasture or thorny bushes) in several eating bouts (4–20) [ 9 , 14 , 16 , 50 , 54 , 60 , 63 , 65 , 66 , 69 , 72 , 73 , 77 , 80 , 89 , 91 , 97 , 101 , 114 , 115 , 117 , 118 , 119 , 120 , 121 , 122 , 123 , 124 , 125 , 126 , 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 , 134 , 135 , 136 ]. Dairy cattle on pasture show a distinct diurnal feeding behavior [ 9 , 40 , 61 , 82 , 87 , 103 , 108 , ...…”

Section: Assessment Of Feedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Value of ‘Cow Signs’ in the Assessment of the Quality of Nutrition on Dairy Farms

Petrovski

Cusack

Malmo³

et al. 2022

Animals

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The aim of this review is to provide dairy farm advisors, consultants, nutritionists, practitioners, and their dairy farmer clients with an additional toolkit that can be used in the assessment of the quality of their dairy cattle nutrition. Cow signs are behavioral, physiological, and management parameters that can be observed and measured. They are detected by examining and observing the cattle. Other physiological parameters such as fecal scoring, rumen fill, and body condition scoring are also included in ‘cow signs’. The assessment should be both qualitative and quantitative; for example, is the cattle individual lame and what is the severity of lameness. The ‘diagnosis’ of a problem should be based on establishing a farm profile of ‘cow signs’ and other relevant information. Information gathered through assessment of cow signs should be used as an advisory tool to assist and improve decision making. Cow signs can be used as part of an investigation and or farm audit.

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Fiber requirements of dairy cows: optimum fiber level in lucerne-based diets for high producing cows

Cited by 16 publications

References 17 publications

Effects of maturity and harvest season of grass-clover silage and of forage-to-concentrate ratio on milk production of dairy cows

Effects of maturity and harvest season of grass-clover silage and of forage-to-concentrate ratio on milk production of dairy cows

FEED VALUE OF BLUE PANIC (Panicum antidotale retz.) GRASS AT DIFFERENT GROWTH STAGES AND UNDER VARYING LEVELS OF HUMIC ACID IN SALINE CONDITIONS

The Value of ‘Cow Signs’ in the Assessment of the Quality of Nutrition on Dairy Farms

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