Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Lining of Unpressurized Hydraulic Tunnels in Rocks and Determination of their Crack Resistance

Numerical modeling in determining deformation characteristics of fractured rock massifs

“…Thus, a medium weakened by a system of mutually orthogonal cracks is orthotropic, and the proposed analytical solution cannot formally be used to determine its deformation characteristics. At the same time, the results of numerical calculations of the deformation of fragments, layered-fractured and block, in which one of the systems of mutually orthogonal cracks was parallel to the action of the applied load, showed a convergence of 3.4 -9.8% [1], which makes it possible to use dependence (1) in engineering calculations.…”

“…Numerical modeling of layered-fractured fragments weakened by a plane-parallel system of fractures [1,5] showed an increase in the convergence of the results of analytical and numerical solutions with an increase in the number of structural elements (layers) of a fragment. So, with an increase in the number of layers with a modulus of elasticity Е0 = 100000 MPa, from 10 to 27, the accuracy of numerical calculations increased from 9.8% to 3.8%, and with Е0 = 1000 MPa, from 7% to 3.4%.…”

“…In the previously published work of the authors [1], the results of numerical modeling were considered when determining the deformation characteristics of fractured rock massifs. Fragments with a size of 1×1m 2 , weakened by systems of plane-parallel and mutually orthogonal cracks (layered fractured and block fragments respectively) were investigated under the action of a load normal to the direction of one of the systems of cracks.…”

“…The accuracy of numerical calculations was estimated by comparing the results obtained with the results of the analytical calculation method proposed in [2][3][4]. The method has a strict mathematical justification and allows one to determine the deformation modulus of a structurally heterogeneous medium weakened by a system of plane-parallel cracks according to the formula: ┴ = þý Ā ĀĀ 0 þý Ā +Ā 0 (1) where ┴ = the modulus of deformation of the medium normal to the plane of the cracks, l = the distance between cracks, Ā = the normal stiffness of the crack, 0 = the modulus of elasticity of the structural element of the medium (rock separation).…”

“…a medium weakened by a system of plane-parallel cracks. At the same time, studies [1] showed that this dependence, taking into account the accuracy of solving engineering problems, can be used to study the deformation of media with a different character of anisotropy. Thus, a medium weakened by a system of mutually orthogonal cracks is orthotropic, and the proposed analytical solution cannot formally be used to determine its deformation characteristics.…”