“…Some researchers attribute the cracking to shrinkage and temperature gradients. As a result, several studies have been focusing on new material designs with improved tensile strength [Li et al, 2003;Ozyildirim et al, 2017;Hoomes et al, 2017]. Other researchers attribute the cracks to the tension force resulted from continuity moments, poor construction practices, and improper detailing for the adequate accommodation of the bridge superstructure movement [Aktan et al, 2008;Li et al, 2003;Ulku et al, 2009;Okeil and El-Safty, 2005].…”