Fiber Optic Technology for Reservoir Surveillance

Koelman, Johannes V. Vianney; López, Jorge L.; Potters, Hans

doi:10.2523/14629-ms

Cited by 16 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Therefore, robust monitoring of any gas migration into the subsurface is highly sought. Distributed fiber optic sensor technology has surfaced as an innovative means of monitoring temperature, pressure, and acoustics in wellbores and other subsurface environments [1][2][3][4][5], only providing indirect information about subsurface chemistry. Direct chemical sensing (DCS) on fiber is the viable alternative but is relatively immature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The limitations of sensing layer based DCS techniques would also be overcome as follows: (1) Raman/NIR spectroscopy provide selective signals to specific chemical analytes. (2) Enhanced stability in the subsurface by eliminating the requirement for thin film-based sensing layers. (3) Reel-to-reel laser processing techniques readily scaled to multi-km length scales of optical fibers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hollow-core photonics crystal fiber for CO2 leakage monitoring

Bond

Chang

Sahota

et al. 2022

Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications XVI

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Robust monitoring at a carbon capture and storage (CCS) site to detect, locate, and quantify CO2 migration is necessary for providing early warning for an approaching well failure and potential gas leaking. We report on distribute chemical sensing via Raman spectroscopy in hollow core fibers (HoF) for direct gas detection via the percolation of gas into the fiber open core, leading to larger matter-light interaction and thus amplification of Raman signal. We present our experimental results on Raman detection in terms of concentration and uptake time for various HoF lengths with and without side microchannels. Guided by numerical studies, the optimized number of side holes lasers to possibly augment CO2 penetration rate into the air-filled core was determined and channels were drilled with pulsed femtoseconds Ti-Sa laser. We also investigated splicing open joint collars for integrating HoFs with solid core fibers (SCFs), critical in any deep or large surface area coverage deployment, and fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), valuable in enhancing SNR via backscattering while generating time-space signal mapping and temperature/pressure sensing for baselining. By interleaving HOFs, FBG and SCFs, the optical spectroscopy methodology could offer a path to overcome current roadblocks to gas storage wells, as specialized fiber optics will allow direct detection of gases, in wells with in-situ and low power measurements of concentration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hollow-core photonics crystal fiber for CO2 leakage monitoring

Bond

Chang

Sahota

et al. 2022

Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications XVI

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“…The conventional well‐based monitoring technologies have proven to have some limitations in field applications, including high cost, time‐consuming sample collection, low spatial resolution, low sensitivity in CO 2 saturation monitoring, and susceptibility to environmental factors such as the presence of reactive minerals . Although a series of optical fiber sensors (OFS) are commercially available and have been widely used in the oilfield for the past 20 years, the fiber‐based downhole monitoring system is limited by its intrinsic drawbacks, such as hydrogen darkening, liquid ingress, and micro‐bending effects, which give rise to either intrinsic or extrinsic energy loss …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and evaluation of the coaxial cable casing imager: a cost‐effective solution to real‐time downhole monitoring for CO₂ sequestration wellbore integrity

Cheng

Zhu

et al. 2017

Greenhouse Gases

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CO2 leakage is a major concern in a geological carbon sequestration projects due to adverse environmental consequences, where the main leakage risk is identified to be along existing wells through a thick, low‐permeable cap rock. To pursue robust and cost effective real‐time downhole monitoring technology for CO2 sequestration wellbore integrity, a permanently deployed coaxial cable casing imager is developed and evaluated in laboratory in this paper. The prototype of the casing imager consists of evenly distributed coaxial cable strain sensors helically wrapped around the pipe. The system is deployed on both PVC pipe and steel pipe to test its performance in casing deformation monitoring, including axial compression, radial expansion, bending, and ovalization. The strain sensors are pre‐stressed and then helically wrapped onto the pipe with high strength epoxy. Multiple linear variable differential transformers (LVDTs) or strain gauges are used as an independent measurement of the actual pipe deformation in comparison to the casing imager measured pipe deformation. The test results demonstrated the ability of the lab‐scale casing imager prototype in real‐time casing deformation monitoring, including axial compression, radial expansion, bending, and ovalization, which would prove of great value in evaluating wellbore integrity state and providing early warnings of leakage risk that will contaminate the groundwater during CO2 injection. The low cost and high robustness of the distributed coaxial cable sensors will greatly lower the downhole monitoring cost and increase the system longevity. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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