Fiber optic techniques for measuring various properties of shock waves

Prinse, W.C.; Esveld, Rene van; Oostdam, Rene; Rooijen, Murk van; Bouma, R.H.B.

doi:10.1117/12.350497

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The detonation velocity of TACN in the steel tube was determined using the continuous fiber optic probe method described in [12]. The probe was prepared by perpendicular drilling of 9 holes with a diameter of 0.25 mm into the POF cable with 1 mm core diameter and 2.2 mm outer diameter.…”

Section: Characterization Of the Explosive Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tetraamminecopper(II) Nitrate and Its Effects on Ammonium Nitrate(V)

Künzel

Vodochodský

Matyáš

et al. 2017

Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater.

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Tetraamminecopper(II) nitrate(V) (TACN) is a complex copper salt which is easily formed when ammonium nitrate (AN) comes into contact with copper. It is considered to be an unwanted contaminant of AN because of its sensitivity to mechanical stimuli and significant explosive properties. The formation of TACN by the reaction of copper with molten ammonium nitrate(V) was demonstrated by powder diffraction. Friction and impact sensitivity testing was performed and field experiments were then conducted to reveal the detonation parameters of TACN and its initiation capability towards ammonium nitrate. The dependence of the detonation velocity on charge diameter was revealed and the ideal detonation velocity of 3500 m·s −1 at 0.87 g·cm −3 was measured. AN with the addition of 16 wt.% of TACN was found to detonate when initiated with a small booster charge. Moreover, TACN was able to initiate detonation in fertilizer grade ammonium nitrate(V) under massive steel confinement. TACN should be therefore considered as a possible contributory initiation source in some large scale accidents. In this article, some properties of TACN are revealed which could be useful for the investigation of accidents.

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Section: Characterization Of the Explosive Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tetraamminecopper(II) Nitrate and Its Effects on Ammonium Nitrate(V)

Künzel

Vodochodský

Matyáš

et al. 2017

Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater.

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“…The FOP is made of a PMMA fiber of 1 mm in diameter [4]. In the PMMA fiber, several holes with a diameter of about 0.2 mm are drilled (Fig.…”

Section: Fiber Optic Probe (Fop)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Fiber Optic Probe (FOP) is a sensor system for the detection of the shock wave velocity. The FOP is a PMMA fiber with several holes in it and is connected to a conventional optical fiber [4]. The passage of a shock wave compresses and ionizes the air confmed in the hole.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<title>Development of fiber optic sensors at TNO for explosion and shock wave measurements</title>

et al. 2001

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Fibre Optic sensors are found to be very suitable for explosion and shock wave measurements because they are immune to Electromagnetic Interference (EMI). In the past few years, TNO has developed a number of sensor systems for explosion and shock wave measurements in which the optical fiber is a vital component. This paper presents a survey of these optical measurement systems using fibre optics. The basic design ofthese systems, the test configurations and the experimental results are presented.

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“…The remaining two tubes were filled with molten ETN, in the same way as for the cylinder test charges, and resulted in charge densities of 1.64 g·cm −3 and 1.66 g·cm . The detonation velocity was also measured in four cylinder expansion tests using the fibre optical probe method (FOP) [21]. The probes were prepared by perpendicular drilling of 8 holes with a diameter of 0.3 mm into a plastic optical fibre with 1 mm core diameter and 2.2 mm outer diameter.…”

Section: Detonation Velocitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Explosive Properties of Melt Cast Erythritol Tetranitrate (ETN)

Künzel¹,

Matyáš²,

Vodochodský³

et al. 2017

Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater.

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Erythritol tetranitrate (ETN) is a low melting, solid, nitrate ester with significant explosive properties. The increased availability of its precursor (erythritol), which is now used as a sweetener, has attracted attention to the possible misuse of ETN as an improvised explosive. However, ETN also has some potential to be used as a component of military explosives or propellants. This article focuses on the properties of melt-cast ETN. The sensitivity of the compound towards impact and friction was tested. The explosive performance was evaluated, based on cylinder expansion tests and detonation velocity measurements. The impact energy and friction force required for 50% probability of initiation was 3.79 J and 47.7 N, respectively. A Gurney velocity value of G = 2771 m·s −1 and a detonation velocity of 8027 m·s −1 at a charge density of 1.700 g·cm −3, were found for the melt-cast material. The sensitivity characteristics of melt-cast ETN does not differ significantly from either literature values or the authors' data measured using the crystalline material. The explosive performance properties were found to be close to those of PETN.

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Fiber optic techniques for measuring various properties of shock waves

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Tetraamminecopper(II) Nitrate and Its Effects on Ammonium Nitrate(V)

Tetraamminecopper(II) Nitrate and Its Effects on Ammonium Nitrate(V)

<title>Development of fiber optic sensors at TNO for explosion and shock wave measurements</title>

Explosive Properties of Melt Cast Erythritol Tetranitrate (ETN)

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