Fiber-launched ultratight photorefractive solitons integrating fast soliton-based beam manipulation circuitry

DelRe, Eugenio; Palange, E.; Agranat, Aharon J.

doi:10.1063/1.1651332

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…We note that miniaturized and volume-integrated beam control at visible and near-infrared wavelengths can alternatively be realized using spatial solitons [15]. In centrosymmetric or disordered crystals, this control can be rendered electrical [18][19][20][21] with nanosecond response times [12]. However, the use of spatial solitons encounters the complications of nonlinear soliton-soliton interaction during the writing phase that make scalability and miniaturization of soliton-based devices into multiple-waveguide structures a challenge [22,23].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miniaturized electro-optic infrared beam-manipulator based on 3D photorefractive funnels

Parravicini

Mei

Pierangeli

et al. 2015

J. Opt.

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We demonstrate tunable electro-optic guiding, shaping, and switching of beams in the near infrared spectrum ( 980 nm), typical of VCSEL technology, using biomimetic 3D funnel waveguides miniaturized into a sample of potassium–lithium–tantalate–niobate. The switchable waveguides are written using the slow photorefractive build-up of a 3D volume space-charge field caused by a diffracting continuous wave low intensity λ = 532 nm beam, and electro-optic functionality is supported by the quadratic electro-optic effect of the high-symmetry paraelectric phase.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miniaturized electro-optic infrared beam-manipulator based on 3D photorefractive funnels

Parravicini

Mei

Pierangeli

et al. 2015

J. Opt.

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“…This indicates a basic recipe to generate electro-optic devices in three-dimensional crystals compatible with single-mode fiber. 6 In this regard, the absence of a clear understanding of the mechanisms that control this transverse beam shape represents a basic obstacle. 1 The two-dimensional (2D) realization forms a fundamental component to a family of innovative optical techniques, which range from optically written components, 2 electro-optically reconfigurable interconnects, 3 to the enhancement of second-order ͑ 2 ͒ response.…”

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confidence: 99%

Pairing space-charge field conditions with self-guiding for the attainment of circular symmetry in photorefractive solitons

DelRe

Masi

Ciattoni

et al. 2004

Applied Physics Letters

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By means of a comparative study, we identify a specific physical mechanism that leads to circular-symmetric two-dimensional photorefractive solitons, and determine the conditions for their observation. For a given photorefractive crystal, this allows the control of the transition from an elliptical soliton-supporting regime to a round soliton-supporting one. This indicates a basic recipe to generate electro-optic devices in three-dimensional crystals compatible with single-mode fiber.

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“…Self-trapping and beam manipulation though soliton electro-activation is achieved at quasi-digital voltages. Photorefractive spatial solitons [1] can be implemented to steer beams [2] and to achieve electro-optically activated beam manipulation functions, such as intensity modulation and two-channel routing, the devices themselves self-integrated in the bulk [3,4]. The optical circuitry is at once integrated in the bulk crystal volume, transparent at infrared wavelengths, and compatible with a fast response.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The next step was to implement our results to miniaturize electro-optic beam manipulation and switching, realizing a two-mode router using two solitons of opposite electro-optic response [3,4], achieved within the same soliton-active region. The writing stage is accomplished in two steps: in the first, a single soliton is formed 90µm from the crystal edge, with an appropriate value of V sol ; subsequently, a second soliton is formed with an opposite biasing voltage -V sol at 110 µm from the edge, such that they are vertically stacked.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Miniaturization and embedding of soliton-based electro-optically addressable photonic arrays

D’Ercole

Palange

DelRe

et al. 2004

Applied Physics Letters

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Using top-electrodes, we demonstrate the soliton-based miniaturized integration of electro-optic devices in a photorefractive paraelectric bulk crystal. Self-trapping and beam manipulation though soliton electro-activation is achieved at quasi-digital voltages. Photorefractive spatial solitons [1] can be implemented to steer beams [2] and to achieve electro-optically activated beam manipulation functions, such as intensity modulation and two-channel routing, the devices themselves self-integrated in the bulk [3,4]. The optical circuitry is at once integrated in the bulk crystal volume, transparent at infrared wavelengths, and compatible with a fast response.To date, no physical mechanism has been devised to allow for the possibility of imprinting a given steering pattern in the volume, formed through different localized soliton processes, and to subsequently address and electro-optically activate them through appropriate control signals, involving accessibly low switching voltages. We here demonstrate a viable avenue based on delivering the bias voltage through a single facet geometry, with all the electrodes deposited side-by-side, during the nonlinear propagation writing stage and in the subsequent routing stage [5]. Electro-statically, in this configuration, the values of external bias required to achieved kV/cm fields can be considerably reduced by microscopically reducing the electrode distance. Furthermore, by tailoring the electrode geometry, we can achieve a quasi-arbitrary spatial pattern of the bias electric field, up to several hundred microns inside the sample.We implement the geometry illustrated in Fig.(1a), which constitutes, in our scheme, the basic building block to the more complex and elaborate addressable photonic array [6,7,8]. We carry out experiments, in a 3 (x) x2.4 (y) x1 (z) mm sized sample of Cu and V co-doped potassium-lithium-niobate-tantalate (KLTN) crystal, at a temperature T =16 • C, 4 degrees above the ferro-paraelectric transition, where the index of refraction is n 2.4, the quadratic electro-optic coefficient g 0.12m 4 C −2 , and the relative dielectric constant r 1.5 · 10 4 . The top-sided electrodes were tailored on the 3 (x) x1 (z) mm facet, with an intra-electrode 180 µm gap (see Fig.(1b)). The beam was a continuous-wave Argon ion 50 mW x-polarized laser, operating at λ=514nm whose intensity distribution is approximated by a Gaussian of intensity Full-Width-at-HalfMaximum (FWHM) ∆x = ∆y = 7µm and intensity ratio between the maximum beam intensity and the homogeneous background illumination I max /I b = 5.Experimental results for a launch approximately 50 µm from the top edge, are reported in Fig.(2). For a zero applied voltage, the beam diffracts to 15 µm after the 1 mm propagation along the z axis, corresponding to approximately 2 diffraction lengths (see Fig.(2b)). As predicted through numerical simulation, two-dimensional self-trapping is achieved for a V sol 40-50 V, after a build-up time of approximately τ s 120s, for a 1 µW launch.Similar self-trapping pheno...

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Fiber-launched ultratight photorefractive solitons integrating fast soliton-based beam manipulation circuitry

Cited by 16 publications

References 14 publications

Miniaturized electro-optic infrared beam-manipulator based on 3D photorefractive funnels

Miniaturized electro-optic infrared beam-manipulator based on 3D photorefractive funnels

Pairing space-charge field conditions with self-guiding for the attainment of circular symmetry in photorefractive solitons

Miniaturization and embedding of soliton-based electro-optically addressable photonic arrays

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