Fiber Intake and Insulin Resistance in 6374 Adults: The Role of Abdominal Obesity

Abstract

A cross-sectional design was used to evaluate the relationship between fiber intake and insulin resistance, indexed using HOMA (homeostatic model assessment), in a National Health and Nutrition Examination Study (NHANES) sample of 6374 U.S. adults. Another purpose was to test the influence of covariates on the association. A third aim was to compare HOMA levels between two groups based on the recommended intake of 14 g of fiber per 1000 kilocalories (kcal). Fiber intake was measured using a 24-h recall. With demographic variables controlled, results showed that HOMA differed across High, Moderate, and Low fiber categories (F = 5.4, p = 0.0072). Adjusting for the demographic variables, the possible misreporting of energy intake, smoking, and physical activity strengthened the relationship (F = 8.0, p = 0.0009), which remained significant after adjusting for body fat (F = 7.0, p = 0.0019) and body mass index (BMI) (F = 4.9, p = 0.0108), with the other covariates. However, the fiber–HOMA relationship was eliminated after adjusting for waist circumference (F = 2.3, p = 0.1050). Dividing participants based on the recommended 14-g standard resulted in meaningful HOMA differences (F = 16.4, p = 0.0002), and the association was not eliminated after controlling for waist circumference. Apparently, adults with high fiber consumption have less insulin resistance than their counterparts. However, much of the association is due to differences in waist circumference, unless the recommended intake of fiber is attained.

Analysis of Obesity among Malaysian University Students: A Combination Study with the Application of Bayesian Structural Equation Modelling and Pearson Correlation

“…Some limitations were encountered in this study but have led to making a few suggestions for future studies on obesity modelling considering university students as follows:In previous studies, fibre intake [59,60], calorie intake [61,62] and genetics are deemed remarkable indicators of obesity [63,64] and would have been encompassed in our analysis. However, this study has limitations with collecting this type of data and therefore presents a different structure that could not be included in the research model.…”

Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Are Associated with Blood Pressure and Hypertension over 10-Years in Black South African Adults Undergoing Nutritional Transition

“…We further tested whether multivariable-adjusted associations were independent on dietary and fat intake in three consecutive steps: adjusting for total energy intake, following total fat and carbohydrate intake, and lastly ratio of monounsaturated to saturated fat intake, and soluble fiber intake, latter known to be protective towards vascular health [25,26]. We also tested whether our associations survived upon adjustment for potential effect mediators linked with BP, including total cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose, and γ-glutamyl transferase reported to be associated with hypertension in this population [4].…”

Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Telomere Length in a Random Sample of 5448 U.S. Adults

“…Each of the four levels of physical activity was assigned a PAL value: 1.45, 1.55, 1.65, and 1.75, respectively. Multiplied together, resting metabolic rate and physical activity level were used to approximate total energy consumption, as reported in other research [ 43 ].…”