Fiber dispersion during compounding/injection molding of PP/kenaf composites: Flammability and mechanical properties

Subasinghe, Aruna; Das, Raj; Bhattacharyya, Debes

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2015.07.126

Cited by 46 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…However, with the presence of coupling agent that helps to increase the bonding and promote a more uniform and homogenous blend of fibers in the polymer matrix, restricting the flow-ability of PP and reducing the dripping effect of the composites, fire retardancy of the samples could be improved [ 42 , 43 ]. According to Subasinghe, Das and Bhattacharyya [ 68 ], kenaf composites formed a more stable layer of char in a fully burnt state. Good distribution of kenaf fibers helped to create a barrier between burnt and unburnt materials and inhibited the fire growth, as well as reducing volatiles and oxygen content present in the fire boundary.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Unbleached and Bleached Nanocellulose on the Thermal and Flammability of Polypropylene-Reinforced Kenaf Core Hybrid Polymer Bionanocomposites

et al. 2020

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The thermal, thermo-mechanical and flammability properties of kenaf core hybrid polymer nanocomposites reinforced with unbleached and bleached nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) were studied. The studied chemical composition found that unbleached NCC (NCC-UB) had 90% more lignin content compared to bleached NCC (NCC-B). Nanocelluloses were incorporated within polypropylene (PP) as the matrix, together with kenaf core as a main reinforcement and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) as a coupling agent via a melt mixing compounding process. The result showed that the thermal stability of the nanocomposites was generally affected by the presence of lignin in NCC-UB and sulfate group on the surface of NCC-B. The residual lignin in NCC-UB appeared to overcome the poor thermal stability of the composites that was caused by sulfation during the hydrolysis process. The lignin helped to promote the late degradation of the nanocomposites, with the melting temperature occurring at a relatively higher temperature of 219.1 °C for PP/NCC-UB, compared to 185.9 °C for PP/NCC-B. Between the two types of nanocomposites, PP/NCC-B had notably lower thermo-mechanical properties, which can be attributed to the poor bonding and dispersion properties of the NCC-B in the nanocomposites blend. The PP/NCC-UB showed better thermal properties due to the effect of residual lignin, which acted as a compatibilizer between NCC-UB and polymer matrix, thus improved the bonding properties. The residual lignin in PP/NCC-UB helped to promote char formation and slowed down the burning process, thus increasing the flame resistance of the nanocomposites. Overall, the residual lignin on the surface of NCC-UB appeared to aid better stability on the thermal and flammability properties of the nanocomposites.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Unbleached and Bleached Nanocellulose on the Thermal and Flammability of Polypropylene-Reinforced Kenaf Core Hybrid Polymer Bionanocomposites

et al. 2020

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“…In addition, treatment of kenaf/PP composite with NaOH leads to increment in tensile strength and modulus by ∼1.34% and ∼40% respectively as compared to untreated Kenaf/PP composite. 68 Kovacevic et al. 69 performed a study in which they observed the effects of three different chemical treatments: (i) alkali, (ii) alkali + nanoclay, and (iii) nanoclay + citric acid on tensile strength of junceum fibers/polylactide (PLA) composites and found that tensile strength was maximum for nanoclay + citric acid–treated junceum/PLA biocomposite which was ∼160% greater than untreated PLA.…”

Section: Effects Of Surface Treatments On the Tensile Properties Of Nfcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface treatments of plant fibers and their effects on mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced composites: A review

Latif

Wakeel

Khan

et al. 2018

Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites

187

127

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The need of natural fiber-reinforced composites is increasing at very fast rate because of their ecofriendly production, decomposition, high specific strength, abundance, good physical and mechanical properties. Available literature reveals that past researchers have done a lot of work for the preparation and characterization of fiber-reinforced composites. While developing natural fiber composites, researchers encountered various problems like hydrophilic nature of natural fibers, incompatibility of natural fibers with matrix materials, thermal instability of natural fibers, and poor interfacial bonding between reinforcing phase and matrix phase. However, some of these problems can be solved to a greater extent by considering surface treatment of natural fibers before they are used in the preparation of fiber-reinforced composites. Thus, there is a need for understanding the effect of several surface treatments on the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced composites. The aim of this paper is to put forth a comprehensive review on the effects of different surface treatments on the mechanical properties such as tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength and also interfacial shear strength of the fiber-reinforced composites.

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“…This is attributed to the fact that after modification, the interfacial compatibility of PET fiber and PP gets promoted, and the interaction force increases; thus, the energy required for releasing molecular chains also increases. As a result, the loss modulus and Tg of composites increase [27,28]. Moreover, compared to the MPP-modified PET fiber-reinforced PP composite, the Tg of the TMPP-modified PET fiber-reinforced PP composite decreases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Modification of PET Fiber with Hybrid Coating and Its Effect on the Properties of PP Composites

Mao

2019

Polymers

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Surface modification fundamentally influences the morphology of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers produced from abandoned polyester textiles and improve the compatibility between the fiber and the matrix. In this study, PET fiber was modified through solution dip-coating using a novel synthesized tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS)/KH550/ polypropylene (PP)-g-MAH (MPP) hybrid (TMPP). The PET fiber with TMPP modifier was exposed to the air. SiO2 particles would be hydrolyzed from TEOS and become the crystalline cores of MPP. Then, the membrane formed by MPP, SiO2 and KH550 covered the surface of the PET fiber. TMPP powder was investigated and characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). TMPP-modified PET fiber was researched by X-ray diffraction and SEM. Furthermore, tensile strength of single fiber was also tested. PET fiber/PP composites were studied through dynamic mechanical analysis and SEM. Flexural properties of composites were also measured. The interfacial properties of PET fiber and PP matrix were indirectly represented by contact angle analysis. Results showed that the addition of TEOS is helpful in homogenizing the distribution of PP-g-MAH. Furthermore, TMPP generates an organic-inorganic ‘armor’ structure on PET fiber, which can make up for the damage areas on the surface of PET fiber and strengthen each single-fiber by 14.4%. Besides, bending strength and modulus of TMPP-modified PET fiber-reinforced PP composite respectively, increase by 10 and 800 MPa. The compatibility between PET fiber and PP was also confirmed to be increased by TMPP. Predictably, this work supplied a new way for PET fiber modification and exploited its potential applications in composites.

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Fiber dispersion during compounding/injection molding of PP/kenaf composites: Flammability and mechanical properties

Cited by 46 publications

References 33 publications

The Effects of Unbleached and Bleached Nanocellulose on the Thermal and Flammability of Polypropylene-Reinforced Kenaf Core Hybrid Polymer Bionanocomposites

The Effects of Unbleached and Bleached Nanocellulose on the Thermal and Flammability of Polypropylene-Reinforced Kenaf Core Hybrid Polymer Bionanocomposites

Surface treatments of plant fibers and their effects on mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced composites: A review

Surface Modification of PET Fiber with Hybrid Coating and Its Effect on the Properties of PP Composites

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