Fiber Amplifiers and Fiber Lasers Based on Stimulated Raman Scattering: A Review

Sirleto, L.; Ferrara, Maria Antonietta

doi:10.3390/mi11030247

Cited by 52 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 123 publications

(139 reference statements)

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“…So, a periodic amplification is needed to retain the original shape at a long distance and it is determined by the group velocity dispersion (GVD). The shape of a solitons does not change practically even after thousands of kilo meter of repeated amplification (35) .…”

Section: Reshaping Of Optical Signal In Glass Fibermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solitons transmission system : A dynamic shift in optical fiber communication

Bagri¹,

Kumar²

2020

IJST

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Objective: To present a detailed study of Solitons transmission system, including their types, applications, effects, and updated research work and research gaps. Findings: The 4 th , generation fiber optic communication system utilizes visual amplification to decrease the demand for repeaters and WDM to increase the information power. Similarly, 5 th the phase of Optical Fiber Communication is now expending the distances range which the wavelength division multiplexing system will control. The traditional wave length frame called the C ring covers the distance range 1.53 to 1.57 um and dry material has the low loss window promising extension of range to 1.30 to 1.65 um. Additional development includes the idea of visual solitons pulses that maintain their body by counteracting the results of distribution with nonlinear effects of this material by applying pulses of specific shape. Application: This will motivate the researchers to undertake research work in the field of Solitons communication to achieve improved design characteristics, reducing number of repeaters, cost and higher data rate transmissions.

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Section: Reshaping Of Optical Signal In Glass Fibermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Distribution amplifier is one which the transmission fiber is utilized as gain medium by multiplexing a pump wavelength with signal wavelength. Distribution amplification is done by stimulated Raman scattering (30) and EDFA (31,32) .…”

Section: Solitons Amplificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solitons transmission system : A dynamic shift in optical fiber communication

Bagri¹,

Kumar²

2020

IJST

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“…The i th Stokes wave can be viewed as the pump light for the amplification of the ( i + 1)th Stokes wave. Therefore, SRS is a useful optical nonlinearity for obtaining a laser with new wavelengths by merely pumping an optical fiber with an intense laser [ 30 ].…”

Section: Fiber Laser Sources For Pammentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber laser technologies for photoacoustic microscopy

Jin

Liang

2021

Vis. Comput. Ind. Biomed. Art

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Fiber laser technology has experienced a rapid growth over the past decade owing to increased applications in precision measurement and optical testing, medical care, and industrial applications, including laser welding, cleaning, and manufacturing. A fiber laser can output laser pulses with high energy, a high repetition rate, a controllable wavelength, low noise, and good beam quality, making it applicable in photoacoustic imaging. Herein, recent developments in fiber-laser-based photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) are reviewed. Multispectral PAM can be used to image oxygen saturation or lipid-rich biological tissues by applying a Q-switched fiber laser, a stimulated Raman scattering-based laser source, or a fiber-based supercontinuum source for photoacoustic excitation. PAM can also incorporate a single-mode fiber laser cavity as a high-sensitivity ultrasound sensor by measuring the acoustically induced lasing-frequency shift. Because of their small size and high flexibility, compact head-mounted, wearable, or hand-held imaging modalities and better photoacoustic endoscopes can be enabled using fiber-laser-based PAM.

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“…Nowadays, the growing demand in terms of transmission capacity has fulfilled the entire spectral band of the erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs). This dramatic increase in bandwidth rules out the use of EDFAs, leaving Raman lasers as the key devices for future amplification requirements [ 3 ]. However, in order to answer telecommunications demands, the investigation of new glasses materials with both large Raman gain coefficients and spectral bandwidth is required [ 4 , 5 ].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%