2018
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28990-x
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FIB-FESEM and EMPA results on Antoninianus silver coins for manufacturing and corrosion processes

Abstract: A set of ancient Antoninianus silver coins, dating back between 249 and 274 A.D. and minted in Rome, Galliae, Orient and Ticinum, have been characterized. We use, for the first time, a combination of nano-invasive (focused ion beam-field emission scanning electron microscopy-X-ray microanalysis (FIB-FESEM-EDX), voltammetry of microparticles (VIMP)) and destructive techniques (scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX) and electron microprobe analysis (EMPA)) along with non-invasive, i.e., micro-Raman spectroscopy.… Show more

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Cited by 34 publications
(22 citation statements)
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References 33 publications
(27 reference statements)
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“…The corrosion of orichalcum is associated with dezincification and decuprification processes 2123 , which can occur for several microns in depth; therefore, to evaluate the degree of corrosion it is necessary to analyse cross section of samples “from rim-core-to-rim” 24,25 .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…The corrosion of orichalcum is associated with dezincification and decuprification processes 2123 , which can occur for several microns in depth; therefore, to evaluate the degree of corrosion it is necessary to analyse cross section of samples “from rim-core-to-rim” 24,25 .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Recently, EMPA technique was used obtaining quantitative chemical analysis of Roman alloys used for coinage 25 .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Archaeometrical studies can also probe the application of specific minting techniques, such as plating [3], to produce forgeries [4], and to also reduce costs while producing official money during periods of crisis. Examples of this last practice can be found in the Roman Republic in the production of nummi (308-311 A.D.) at Carthago [5] during the Roman Imperial period in the production of Antoninians introduced by Caracalla (Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Pius) in 215 A.D [6], or in Renaissance coins minted in Gubbio (Italy) [7].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…FTIR identifies organic compounds. In particular, FESEM-EDX provides morphological data, elemental compositions and deep profiles on trenches performed with FIB [6]. The combination of both techniques enables a nanoinvasive method as the loss of matter in trenches is of only a few ng.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…2007) and an electron microprobe analyser with field emission (FE‐EMPA) (Frame 2010; Orfanou and Rehren 2015; Doménech‐Carbó et al . 2018; Bugaj et al . 2019) are applied.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%