“…Xie [16] proposed a flame volume model developed from Lefebvre's model based on the concept of flame volume. Subsequently, Hu [17] used cold flow field to predict LBO limits based on FV model. However, the effect of swirl cup flow dynamics on LBO limits was ignored in these LBO model mentioned above.…”
“…Xie [16] proposed a flame volume model developed from Lefebvre's model based on the concept of flame volume. Subsequently, Hu [17] used cold flow field to predict LBO limits based on FV model. However, the effect of swirl cup flow dynamics on LBO limits was ignored in these LBO model mentioned above.…”
“…That is the solution of fuel concentration in numerical simulation is on the premise that the fuel flow rate at LBO is known. Because of this, an additional method named Fuel Approximation Approach (FIA) [32] is needed which inevitably increases the time cost of the prediction.…”
Section: Fv Vfmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In authors' earlier numerical studies [30][31][32], the FV (Vf) was defined by flammable limit since flame could only spread within certain limits. Figure 1 is the com parison of the flame zones obtained by experimental images and the fuel concentration contours (cutoff by lean flammable limits) obtained by numerical simulation without combustion.…”
According to the Lefebvre's model and flame volume (FV) concept, an FV model about lean blow-out (LBO) was proposed by authors in early study. On the other hand, due to the model parameter (FV) contained in FV model is obtained based on the experimental data, FV model could only be used in LBO analysis instead of prediction. In view of this, a hybrid FV model is proposed that combines the FV model with numerical simulation in the present study. The model parameters contained in the FV model are all estimated from the simulated nonreacting flows. Comparing with the experimental data for 11 com bustors, the maximum and average uncertainties of hybrid FV model are ±16% and ±10%.
“…However, due to the combustion of fuel, the continuous distribution of fuel in or around the flame region is destroyed, and then it is greatly difficult to define a flame region based on the theoretical flammable limits of fuel in the reacting flow of combustors. For this reason, nonreacting simulations had been employed in the authors' former studies [36,37]. The flow conditions are similar to the reacting flows before ignition: Fuel is injected into combustors but is not reacted.…”
Section: A Turbulence and Combustion Modelsmentioning
A method named characteristic curve of flame volume is achieved for lean blowout predictions on the basis of the improved Lefebvre's model and simulated reacting flows. Three main issues are presented: 1) Based on the results from combustion visualization experiments, Lefebvre's model is improved regarding its universality for combustor configurations. The flame volume near lean blowout V flame;LBO obtained from simulated reacting flow is introduced into the model. 2) Characteristic curve of flame volume is a functional curve of flame volume V flame and fuel/air ratio q in a certain combustor and is presented as an "S" pattern, with q ranging from stable operation to nearly engine-off conditions. The region where the fuel/air ratio ranges from 3 to 10 in characteristic curve of flame volume is the unstable combustion region, and nearly all of the lean blowout points fall in this region. 3) According to the relationship between characteristic curve of flame volume expressed as q fV flame and the improved Lefebvre's model expressed as q LBO f m V flame;LBO , a method named characteristic curve of flame volume is proposed for lean blowout predictions. By the comparison with experimental data on 26 combustors, the lean blowout fuel/air ratios obtained by the characteristic curve of flame volume method fit well with that obtained by experiments, having maximum and average errors of 24.2 and 7.0% between predictions and measurements.
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