FIA-FAAS system including on-line solid phase extraction for the determination of palladium, platinum and rhodium in alloys and ores

Ion pair-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of trace amount of rhodium ion in water and road dust samples prior to flame atomic absorption spectrometry determination

“…As can be seen the LOD of the proposed IP-DLLME-FAAS method, with a sample volume of only 10. 0 mL, is lower than some of the previously proposed methods 6,10,11,[16][17][18] and higher than some of the other methods. 3,19,20 While, the extraction time is very shorter than all of the mention methods because no need any Rh-ligand complex formation, which indicates the fact that IP-DLLME is a very sensitive and rapid technique that can be used for the pre-concentration and determination of Rh(III) from real samples.…”

“…In Table 3 are compared the main analytical characteristics (i.e., LR, ER and LOD) of the proposed IP-DLLME-FAAS method for the determination of Rh(III) with those of some of the best previously reported methods for this purpose including SPEspectrophotometry, 6,11 FIA-FAAS, where Rh (III) is adsorbed on a cross-linked polystyrene sorbent, 16 ETAAS after separation, using Dowex 1×8-200, 17 differential pulse polarography, after preconcentration onto microcrystalline naphthalene, 18 laser induced-thermal lens spectrometry after cloud point extraction, 19 FAAS determination after preconcentration onto carbon nanotube, 3 FAAS determination after cloud point extraction 20 and liquid-liquid extraction prior inductively coupled plasma optimal emission spectrometer determination (ICP-OES) 10 . As can be seen the LOD of the proposed IP-DLLME-FAAS method, with a sample volume of only 10.…”

Sample Digestion Methods for the Determination of Traces of Precious Metals by Spectrometric Techniques

“…10 Combined digestion procedures, a wet acid treatment followed by alkaline oxidizing fusion of an undissolved residue, are often applied for improving the recovery of the metals. [74][75][76] The use of hydrofluoric acid in the digestion procedures is preferable, particularly when examining geological 74,[76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85] and environmental materials. 72,[86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94] High-pressure systems and microwave heating are widely applied for improving the digestion of such samples.…”

Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Determination of Palladium in Aqueous Samples after Preconcentration Using Nanoparticles of γ-Alumina Functionalized with Pyridine Groups

“…5,6 So far, several methods for preconcentration and separation of trace amount of metals from various samples have been developed and used according to nature of the sample. 7 Liquid-liquid microextraction, 8 liquid-liquid extraction, 9,10 membrane disk extraction, 11 coprecipitation, 12,13 cloud point extraction, 14,15 leaching, 16 cyanidation, 17,18 adsorption process 19 and solid phase extraction (SPE) [20][21][22][23] are the most popular methods for this aim. Among these techniques, SPE is one of the most important preconcentration methods because of its simplicity, flexibility of choice of the solid phase, high preconcentration factor, low consumption of the organic solvents, low cost and extraction time for sample preparation.…”

“…38,39 Several solid phases have been developed for palladium extraction in recent decades. [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] In this research, for the first time nanoparticles of alumina are functionalized with pyridine groups and used for extraction of trace amounts of palladium ions from some real samples of waste water. The optimum condition including flow rates of the sample and eluent solution, pH of the solution, type and least amount of eluent for elution were studied.…”