FFDA: A novel Four-Factor Distributed Authentication mechanism

Edwards, Jack R.; Aparicio-Navarro, Francisco J.; Μαγλαράς, Λέανδρος; Douligeris, Christos

doi:10.1109/csr54599.2022.9850279

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The Supporting Process is centered around risk assessment, quantification of the financial ramifications of risk mitigation, and risk treatment via selected mitigation measures. In a separate study, Edwards et al [75] introduced a unique multi-factor authentication mechanism designed for maritime systems. Their system uses multiple databases and an external USB device to improve security.…”

Section: Identity Management Authentication and Access Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• Identity Management, Authentication, and Access Control: Advancements in identity management, authentication, and access control have been highlighted as essential for effective cybersecurity in the maritime sector[74,75]. The research suggests that implementing secure management systems and multi-factor authentication mechanisms can enhance security while maintaining usability.•Education and Training: The literature significantly underscores the role of education and training in enhancing maritime cybersecurity[16,20,68,[76][77][78][79][80].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comprehensive Analysis of Maritime Cybersecurity Landscape Based on the NIST CSF v2.0

Dimakopoulou,

Rantos

2024

JMSE

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As technology advances and digitalization becomes more prevalent in the industry, the cyber threats to maritime systems and operations have significantly increased. The maritime sector relies heavily on interconnected networks, communication systems, and sophisticated technologies for its operations, making it an attractive target for cybercriminals, nation-states, and other threat actors. Safeguarding the maritime sector against cyber threats is crucial to ensuring the safety, integrity, and efficiency of maritime operations as well as for protecting sensitive information and global trade. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has played a significant role in addressing cybersecurity issues, leading to the implementation of regulations aimed at risk reduction. This paper delves into the realm of cybersecurity within the maritime industry, offering an in-depth analysis of its various aspects through an extensive literature review based on the latest Version 2.0 of the National Institute of Standards and Technology’s (NIST) Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) functional areas. The primary objective is to establish a connection between research and NIST’s functions and categories, thereby presenting a nascent perspective and identifying existing security research gaps. Through the adoption of this strategic approach, the present paper aims to cultivate a forward-looking and proactive state of maturity in anticipation of future developments within the maritime industry. The outcomes of this research can provide valuable reference points in academic discourse, potentially leading to new hypotheses, and fuel innovation in developing advanced cybersecurity measures within the maritime industry.

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Section: Identity Management Authentication and Access Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Analysis of Maritime Cybersecurity Landscape Based on the NIST CSF v2.0

Dimakopoulou,

Rantos

2024

JMSE

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“…By multi-factor, we mean using two or more factors. According to existing research articles, MFA could be categorized as two-factor authentication (2FA or TFA) [23][24][25], three-factor authentication (3FA) [26], four-factor authentication (4FA or FFA) [27][28][29][30], and five-factor authentication (5FA) [31].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strengthening Cloud Security: An Innovative Multi-Factor Multi-Layer Authentication Framework for Cloud User Authentication

Mostafa,

Ezz,

Elbashir

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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Cloud multi-factor authentication is a critical security measure that helps strengthen cloud security from unauthorized access and data breaches. Multi-factor authentication verifies that authentic cloud users are only authorized to access cloud apps, data, services, and resources, making it more secure for enterprises and less inconvenient for users. The number of authentication factors varies based on the security framework’s architecture and the required security level. Therefore, implementing a secured multi-factor authentication framework in a cloud platform is a challenging process. In this paper, we developed an adaptive multi-factor multi-layer authentication framework that embeds an access control and intrusion detection mechanisms with an automated selection of authentication methods. The core objective is to enhance a secured cloud platform with low false positive alarms that makes it more difficult for intruders to access the cloud system. To enhance the authentication mechanism and reduce false alarms, multiple authentication factors that include the length, validity, and value of the user factor is implemented with a user’s geolocation and user’s browser confirmation method that increase the identity verification of cloud users. An additional AES-based encryption component is applied to data, which are protected from being disclosed. The AES encryption mechanism is implemented to conceal the login information on the directory provider of the cloud. The proposed framework demonstrated excellent performance in identifying potentially malicious users and intruders, thereby effectively preventing any intentional attacks on the cloud services and data.

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“…However, the problem of immutability exposes these methods to tampering attacks. Therefore, there is a need to address tampering issues and secure the authentication procedure by incorporating innovative technologies [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%