Few-mode VCSEL chip for 100-Gb/s transmission over 100  m multimode fiber

Kao, Hsuan-Yun; Chieh, Yu; Tsai, Cheng Ting; Leong, Shan Fong; Peng, Chun; Wang, Huai Yung; Huang, Jian; Jou, Jau Ji; Shih, Tien Tsorng; Kuo, Hao‐Chung; Cheng, Wen-Yu; Wu, Chao−Hsin; Lin, Gong‐Ru

doi:10.1364/prj.5.000507

Cited by 34 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Next to the field of integrated optical waveguides also the light sources themselves witnessed significant advancements and represent key components for miniaturized optical devices. Especially VCSELs (verticalcavity surface-emitting lasers) have gained increased interest for data transmission purposes in data centers [11][12][13] . With our work we extend the field of application for the VCSELs by enabling their usage as light source and sensing element simultaneously.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

VCSEL with integrated customized lens as highly sensitive stand-alone sensing element to measure distance changes in the nm-range

Günther,

Kotra,

Kowalsky

et al. 2024

Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers XXVIII

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Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are well established as light sources in integrated photonics or for communication purposes. We investigate the VCSELs for their utilization as highly sensitive topography sensor. The system is based on creating a coupled resonator configuration with the VCSEL as a central element. In this context, the back reflection of a sample surface affects the internal resonator conditions of the VCSEL resulting in a change of the emitted wavelength and operating current, respectively, if the operating voltage is kept constant. Hereby, the signal change is mainly affected by the sample's reflectivity and the length of the coupled resonator which offers the potential for different types of applications. Our experimental findings show that a measurable and reproducible change of the operating current can be detected when moving the sample by a few nm in vertical direction. The first experiments required additional bulky objective lenses to focus the emitted beam on the sample surface. To avoid such optical elements in the setup we printed a customized lens on the emission window of the VCSEL using a two-photon polymerization systems to realize a stand-alone integrated sensor. We will present our recent experimental and simulation results, show first topography measurements and discuss both possible future application in precision metrology as well as how the capability of the coupled resonator to change the emission wavelength enables a sensing concept without expensive electronic devices by using a glass substrate pre-structured with selective laser etching.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

VCSEL with integrated customized lens as highly sensitive stand-alone sensing element to measure distance changes in the nm-range

Günther,

Kotra,

Kowalsky

et al. 2024

Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers XXVIII

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show abstract

“…Next to the field of integrated optical waveguides also the light sources itself witnessed significant advancements and represents one of the key components for miniaturized optical devices. Especially VCSELs (vertical-cavity surfaceemitting lasers) have gained increased interest for data transmission purposes in data centers [11][12][13] . With our work we want to extend the field of application for the VCSEL by enabling a usage as light source and sensing element simultaneously.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

VCSEL as sensing element to measure distance changes in the nm-range

Günther

Korat²,

Kotra³

et al. 2023

Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers XXVII

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We investigated a novel sensor concept based on a coupled resonator configuration and the employment of verticalcavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) sources. Hereby, the back reflection of a sample which is placed next to the emission window of the semiconductor based laser source affects the internal resonator conditions of the VCSEL. If the operating voltage is kept constant, the internal interaction results in a change of the emitted wavelength and operating current, respectively. First experiments show a reproducible change of the operating current when the sample is moved in vertical direction by a few nm. This behavior was previously verified with a simulation based on ANSYS Lumerical by creating distributed Bragg reflection (DBR) stacks with different layers and quantifying the influence of the movable third resonator surface on the emission wavelength.

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“…For example, the 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) and PAM-8 with doubling and tripling the symbol rate of the NRZ-OOK format have respectively been demonstrated [13] at 70 and 56 Gbit/s by Szczerba et al [14]. Furthermore, the M-level orthogonal frequency division multiplexed quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM OFDM) [15] with the data rate upscaled to log 2 M per symbol has enabled the 100-Gbit/s BtB broadband data transmission with VCSEL [16]. The 50-Gbit/s discrete multi-tone (DMT) transmission over 2.2-km MMF was also presented not long ago [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimode VCSEL Enables 42-GBaud PAM-4 and 35-GBaud 16-QAM OFDM for 100-m OM5 MMF Data Link

et al. 2020

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By enhancing the differential gain and reducing the capacitance of the 850-nm multi-mode vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) with an analog bandwidth beyond 25 GHz via the use of InGaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells and multiple oxide confinement layers, the transmission of directly encoded 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) data at 42 GBaud and 16-quadrature amplitude modulation orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (16-QAM OFDM) data at 35 GBaud are demonstrated. After passing through 100-m OM5 multimode fiber (MMF), the detailed comparison between the VCSELs designed with different aperture sizes of 5.5/7.5 µm is performed. The 7.5-µm-aperture VCSEL provides the higher power with larger quantum efficiency but exhibits the narrower 3-dB bandwidth and higher noise level than those of the 5.5-µm-aperture VCSEL. Shrinking the oxide-confined aperture to 5.5 µm assists the VCSEL to expand its 3-dB bandwidth to 25.2 GHz and suppresses its relative intensity noise to-135 dBc/Hz, which contributes to support the highest data rate up to 84 and 140 Gbit/s, respectively, for PAM-4 and 16-QAM OFDM data under forward error correction criterion at optical back-to-back condition. Even after transmitting through 100-m-long OM5-MMF, the allowable data transmission rate still remains at 80 Gbit/s for PAM-4 and 120 Gbit/s for 16-QAM OFDM with their receiving power penalty of 3.24 and 3.1 dB, respectively, when the data is carried by the 5.5-µm-aperture VCSEL. Such a newly designed VCSEL structure promotes its allowable bandwidth to manifest the feasibility toward 50-GBaud per channel capacity for future data center applications. INDEX TERMS Data center, vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL), 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4), M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (M-ary QAM-OFDM).

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Few-mode VCSEL chip for 100-Gb/s transmission over 100 m multimode fiber

Cited by 34 publications

References 34 publications

VCSEL with integrated customized lens as highly sensitive stand-alone sensing element to measure distance changes in the nm-range

VCSEL with integrated customized lens as highly sensitive stand-alone sensing element to measure distance changes in the nm-range

VCSEL as sensing element to measure distance changes in the nm-range

Multimode VCSEL Enables 42-GBaud PAM-4 and 35-GBaud 16-QAM OFDM for 100-m OM5 MMF Data Link

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