Few middle-aged women with severe mental symptoms use psychotropic drugs: The Women's Health in Lund Area (WHILA) Study

Rundberg, Jenny; Lidfeldt, Jonas; Nerbrand, Christina; Samsioe, Göran; Romelsjö, Anders; Öjehagen, Agneta

doi:10.1080/14034940510005897

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…We did not separate replies to questions on depression in this analysis but have previously shown that poor self-rated health is associated with treatment for depression (20), indicating that the Gothenburg Quality of Life instrument (21) used in the Women's Health in the Lund Area study is reliable. We have also shown that women who lived alone had a higher risk for severe mental symptoms (21). The present data are in line with previous results showing that living alone was associated with neglect of self-care in insulin-dependent diabetes (22).…”

Section: Risk Estimatessupporting

confidence: 82%

Women Living Alone Have an Increased Risk to Develop Diabetes, Which Is Explained Mainly by Lifestyle Factors

et al. 2005

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OBJECTIVE -The purpose of this study was to assess the role of household conditions for the progression to diabetes in women with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-A total of 461 women, aged 50 -64 years, with IGT defined by an oral glucose tolerance test, had baseline advice on physical exercise, diet, smoking, and alcohol habits. Physical examination, blood tests, and questionnaires were completed at baseline and after 2.5 years. Household status was categorized into living alone or with a partner, other adults, or children.RESULTS -Women living alone had a 2.68-fold increased risk (95% CI 1.02-7.05) of developing diabetes after adjustments for biological risk factors. Further stepwise adjustments for education, occupation, subjective mental health, exercise, diet, and alcohol showed remaining significant odds ratios (ORs), decreasing from 3.26 (1.19 -8.96) to 3.03 (1.02-8.99). However, when smoking status was added, the OR became nonsignificant, 2.07 (0.62-6.88). More women who lived alone smoked and did not reduce their daily cigarette consumption compared with women in other household conditions. At follow-up, women living alone had reduced their alcohol consumption and were more often abstainers and fewer had healthy dietary habits or had improved their diet. Physical exercise did not differ among the groups. Separate analyses of any other household status did not show any excess risk for development of diabetes.CONCLUSIONS -Women living alone had a higher risk to progress from IGT to diabetes, mostly explained by smoking, alcohol, and dietary habits. Household conditions should be accounted for when assessing future risk for diabetes. Diabetes Care 28:2531-2536, 2005B iological risk markers for type 2 diabetes, such as obesity and insulin resistance, are well known (1), and short-term results have described positive effects of changes in lifestyle in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (2,3). To fully understand the causes for the increase in IGT and diabetes (4), a broader perspective that considers social and psychological aspects is needed. Low education and social inequity have been associated with the metabolic syndrome (5,6). Depressive symptoms have been shown to be associated with increased diabetes incidence in women (7), and depression is more pronounced among women who are widows or divorced (8). The rate of divorces has increased during the last 100 years in the western world as well as in Sweden and has doubled the past decade among those Ͼ70 years (9). Individuals living alone after divorce or being widowed or who have never married have an increased mortality risk (9), only partly explained by higher rates of suicide (10). Living conditions according to household status may be a psychosocial stressor in daily life that could have an impact on health and outcome of diseases, such as diabetes. We have previously described a subgroup of welleducated single women with a more favorable lifestyle (11), whereas women living alone in general had impairments in...

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Section: Risk Estimatessupporting

confidence: 82%

Women Living Alone Have an Increased Risk to Develop Diabetes, Which Is Explained Mainly by Lifestyle Factors

et al. 2005

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“…The use of psychotropic drugs among people with mental distress or mental disorders has been studied both for institutionalized (114)(115)(116) and non-institutionalized populations (23,24,76,90,101,104,107,108,117).…”

Section: Factors Associated With Psychotropic Drug Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Use of anxiolytic or hypnotic drugs and total mortality in a general middle‐aged population

Hausken

Skurtveit

Tverdal

2007

Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug

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PurposeThe aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the consumption of anxiolytic or hypnotic drugs on total mortality in a general population.MethodsWe followed a cohort of 7225 men and 7726 women aged 40–42 years who underwent health surveys in 1985–1989 in two Norwegian counties, with respect to deaths. Mean follow‐up period was 18 years. The subjects were categorised according to frequency of anxiolytic or hypnotic drug use during the last month: daily, every week, less than every week and not used during the last month.ResultsThe proportion of anxiolytic or hypnotic drug users was 6.6% among men and 16.2% among women. Altogether 402 men and 290 women died. There was an increase in risk of death with an increase in frequency of use. Crude hazard ratios for men and women daily using anxiolytics or hypnotics were 3.1 (95%CI 2.0, 4.8) and 2.7 (1.9, 4.0), respectively, as compared with non‐users last month. After adjusting painkiller use and smoking the hazard ratios were lowered, being 2.4 (1.5–4.0) (men) and 2.1 (1.4–3.2) (women). After additional adjustments for other possible confounders the hazard ratios were further attenuated to 1.5 (0.9–2.7) for men and 1.7 (1.1–2.6) for women.ConclusionsDaily users of anxiolytic or hypnotic drugs in our study showed higher crude mortality than non‐users. However, after adjusting lifestyle and socio‐economic variables the difference was markedly reduced suggesting that the remaining excess mortality is due to residual confounding. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…The basic questionnaire, distributed to all 6917 women, has been described in previous papers [12,15]. The response rate to the questions varied from 95.7%-100%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Total alcohol intake was converted into grams of pure alcohol and number of drinks (12 grams of pure alcohol equals one drink). As in the previous papers alcohol consumption was divided into categories, while in this paper the level of risk consumption was lowered according to recent recommendations for women in Sweden [13][14][15]. Based on weekly alcohol consumption the subjects were grouped into:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alcohol use and early mortality in Swedish middle-aged women: Nine-year follow-up of the Women’s Health in Lund Area study

Rundberg

Nilsson

Samsioe

et al. 2014

Scand J Public Health

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Aims: The majority of prospective studies on alcohol use and mortality risk indicate that nondrinkers are at increased risk of death compared to moderate drinkers. This paper investigates the association between middle-aged women's alcohol use and mortality, controlling for socio-demographic and health variables. An association between alcohol use and hospital inpatient care is also analysed.Methods: Baseline data were collected 1995-2000 in a population-based cohort of 6917 women aged 50-59 years living in southern Sweden, the Women's Health in Lund Area (WHILA). After nine years a register follow-up was performed from the National cause-ofdeath register and the Swedish hospital discharge register. Cox proportional hazards regression were used to analyse differences in survival.Results: During the observation period 201 (2.9%) women died. In a crude model nondrinkers had a significantly increased risk for death. When including socio-demographic predictors in the model there was a strong indication that non-drinkers were at increased risk for death compared to moderate drinkers. Adding health predictors, not drinking alcohol was no longer a risk factor for death. Further, analyses of in-patient care indicate that non-drinkers had poorer health during their entire adult life.Conclusions: This study underlines the importance of including health status at base-line when prospectively studying the association between alcohol use and mortality, otherwise moderate alcohol consumption may appear more beneficial than is the case.

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Few middle-aged women with severe mental symptoms use psychotropic drugs: The Women's Health in Lund Area (WHILA) Study

Cited by 10 publications

References 26 publications

Women Living Alone Have an Increased Risk to Develop Diabetes, Which Is Explained Mainly by Lifestyle Factors

Women Living Alone Have an Increased Risk to Develop Diabetes, Which Is Explained Mainly by Lifestyle Factors

Use of anxiolytic or hypnotic drugs and total mortality in a general middle‐aged population

Alcohol use and early mortality in Swedish middle-aged women: Nine-year follow-up of the Women’s Health in Lund Area study

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