Fever with rash in a child in India

Sarkar, Rashmi; Mishra, Kirtisudha; Garg, Vijay Kumar

doi:10.4103/0378-6323.95439

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…[1] In most of the cases, they are correlated with self-limited disease. However, in some cases, diagnosis of an exanthema may be crucial to preventing further spread of the disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A burst in the incidence of viral exanthems

Sălăvăstru

Stanciu

Fritz

et al. 2014

Indian Dermatol Online J

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Background:Vaccines have a major role in eradication programs of viral diseases. Vaccines against measles, rubella, and varicella are included in the vaccination schedules for children in most countries.Objective:A comparative analysis between 2011 and 2012 was performed to investigate if the number of patients with viral exanthemas reported to our clinic in 2012 was increased.Materials and Methods:Patients were grouped in four categories: rubella, measles, varicella and other viral exanthemas.Results:Between January and April 2011, there were registered 37 cases with viral exanthemas: 69.5% presented with varicella and 30.5% with other viral exanthemas. Between January and April 2012, there were 178 cases registered with viral eruption, of which 37% were of other viral exanthemas, 35.4% rubella, 19.7% measles and 7.9% varicella. The highest incidence was seen in patients aged between 20 and 29 years (52.2%), with 21% having measles, 32.2% rubella, 9% varicella and 37.6% having other exanthemas. In 2012, the number of cases of viral exanthemas increased 5 times, with important outbreaks of new cases of measles and rubella.Conclusions:Although vaccines against measles and rubella were being used since 1979 and 1998 respectively, it was only in 2004, that these vaccines became part of the mandatory vaccination schedule. Although persons under 32 years should be protected against measles infection if they are previously vaccinated, more than 90% of the registered cases of measles occurred in such patients. The patients registered between January and April 2011 were mostly pediatric. Adults also were much more affected with measles, rubella, or varicella viruses in 2012 than in 2011.

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“…[1] In most of the cases, they are correlated with self-limited disease. However, in some cases, diagnosis of an exanthema may be crucial to preventing further spread of the disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A burst in the incidence of viral exanthems

Sălăvăstru

Stanciu

Fritz

et al. 2014

Indian Dermatol Online J

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“…In areas with a high incidence of measles, the use of clinical criteria has a high diagnostic value, which is later confirmed by the positive anti-measles Ig M. These clinical criteria, however, have the opposite effect in areas with low incidence of measles. In this regards, the confirmation of IgM anti-measles using serology test is required [12,38]. The validity of the clinical criteria is perfect when applied to measles eradication programs in areas with high measles incidence [12,39] The WHO recommends the application of this clinical criteria (CDC 1983) to serve as the clinical presentation of measles in the measles eradication programme [13,38,39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this regards, the confirmation of IgM anti-measles using serology test is required [12,38]. The validity of the clinical criteria is perfect when applied to measles eradication programs in areas with high measles incidence [12,39] The WHO recommends the application of this clinical criteria (CDC 1983) to serve as the clinical presentation of measles in the measles eradication programme [13,38,39]. Several extradermatologic manifestations can also be found in measles cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinical manifestations give out important information. The identification of measles in low-prevalence area is more difficult because of the limitation of health workers' clinical experiences and because many diseases show similar signs and symptoms [12,13,39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measles is associated with fever and rashes [3,9,11], examples of which are frequently found in daily practice. The causes of fever and rashes are abundant, with most of them resembling each other in terms of clinical symptoms, which may even lead to misdiagnosis [11,12]. The incubation period with respect to measles is around 7-21 days.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An evaluation of the clinical features of measles virus infection for diagnosis in children within a limited resources setting

et al. 2020

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Background: Measles is a recurrent health problem in both advanced and developed countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends anti-measles immunoglobulin M (Ig M) as the standard method of detecting the virus; however, many areas still present the inability to perform a serology test of anti-measles IgM. Therefore, a typical clinical feature is necessary to establish the diagnosis of measles. The objective of this study was to evaluate hyperpigmented rash and other clinical features as the diagnostic tools with respect to measles, especially in an outbreak setting. Methods: In this observational diagnostic study, the inclusion criteria were as follows: between 6 and 144 months of age, fever, maculopapular rash for 3 days or more, accompanied by a cough, or coryza, or conjunctivitis. Those with a prior history of measles vaccination (1-6 weeks) were excluded, in addition to those with histories of corticosteroid for 2 weeks or more and immunocompromised conditions. The samples were taken from Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia. We evaluated the sensitivity, specificity, the positive predictive value, and the negative predictive value of such clinical features. Hyperpigmented rash was validated using Kappa and Mc Nemar tests. Anti-measles Ig M was considered as the gold standard. Results: This study gathered 82 participants. The clinical manifestations of all subjects included fever, cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, Koplik spots, and maculopapular rash (which turns into hyperpigmented rash along the course of the illness). Most maculopapular rashes turn out to be hyperpigmented (89%). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive values of the combination of fever, maculopapular rash, and hyperpigmented rash were found to be at 90.7, 28.6, 93.2, and 22.2%, respectively. The Mc Nemar and Kappa tests showed p values of 0.774 and 0.119, respectively. Conclusion: The combination of fever, maculopapular rash, and hyperpigmented rash can be used as a screening tool regarding measles infection in an outbreak setting, which can then be confirmed by anti-measles Ig M. Cough, coryza, and Koplik's spot can be added to this combination, albeit with a slight reduction of sensitivity value.

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Common Skin Problems in Children

Sethuraman

Bhari

2013

Indian J Pediatr

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Childhood dermatological problems contribute about one-third of all consultations in the setting of both pediatrics and dermatology outpatient services. Skin disorders in children may cause anxiety to parents. General Practitioners should be familiar with the common prevalent skin problems as immediate pediatric dermatology consultation may not be possible. Infections, infestations and dermatitis are the most prevalent diseases among Indian children. The scope of this review is to briefly highlight these common and other important dermatological problems in children.

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Fever with rash in a child in India

Cited by 20 publications

References 50 publications

A burst in the incidence of viral exanthems

A burst in the incidence of viral exanthems

An evaluation of the clinical features of measles virus infection for diagnosis in children within a limited resources setting

Common Skin Problems in Children

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