Fever, bacterial zoonoses, and One Health in sub-Saharan Africa

Carugati, Manuela; Kilonzo, Kajiru; Crump, John A.

doi:10.7861/clinmed.2019-0180

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…There are gaps in the understanding of the epidemiology, risk factors for acute illness and serologic exposure, and clinical impact of these zoonotic diseases in sub-Saharan Africa [2,6,7]. Q fever, SFG rickettsioses, and TG rickettsioses share non-specific presenting symptoms and signs including fever, headache, and myalgia [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies from sub-Saharan Africa indicate highly variable levels of serologic exposure to C. burnetii and SFG Rickettsia by location [1,6,11]. Frequent, close contact with livestock and their tick ectoparasites has been associated with the risk of Q fever and SFG rickettsioses [6,7,12]. Handling animal abortion materials, slaughtering animals, and consuming raw or locally fermented dairy products have been associated with Q fever [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and risk factors for Q fever, spotted fever group rickettsioses, and typhus group rickettsioses in a pastoralist community of northern Tanzania, 2016–2017

Moorthy,

Rubach,

Maze

et al. 2024

Tropical Med Int Health

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BackgroundIn northern Tanzania, Q fever, spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsioses, and typhus group (TG) rickettsioses are common causes of febrile illness. We sought to describe the prevalence and risk factors for these zoonoses in a pastoralist community.MethodsFebrile patients ≥2 years old presenting to Endulen Hospital in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area were enrolled from August 2016 through October 2017. Acute and convalescent blood samples were collected, and a questionnaire was administered. Sera were tested by immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) IgG assays using Coxiella burnetii (Phase II), Rickettsia africae, and Rickettsia typhi antigens. Serologic evidence of exposure was defined by an IFA titre ≥1:64; probable cases by an acute IFA titre ≥1:128; and confirmed cases by a ≥4‐fold rise in titre between samples. Risk factors for exposure and acute case status were evaluated.ResultsOf 228 participants, 99 (43.4%) were male and the median (interquartile range) age was 27 (16–41) years. Among these, 117 (51.3%) had C. burnetii exposure, 74 (32.5%) had probable Q fever, 176 (77.2%) had SFG Rickettsia exposure, 134 (58.8%) had probable SFG rickettsioses, 11 (4.8%) had TG Rickettsia exposure, and 4 (1.8%) had probable TG rickettsioses. Of 146 participants with paired sera, 1 (0.5%) had confirmed Q fever, 8 (5.5%) had confirmed SFG rickettsioses, and none had confirmed TG rickettsioses. Livestock slaughter was associated with acute Q fever (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.38–4.76) and sheep slaughter with SFG rickettsioses case (OR 4.63, 95% CI 1.08–23.50).DiscussionAcute Q fever and SFG rickettsioses were detected in participants with febrile illness. Exposures to C. burnetii and to SFG Rickettsia were highly prevalent, and interactions with livestock were associated with increased odds of illness with both pathogens. Further characterisation of the burden and risks for these diseases is warranted.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors for Q fever, spotted fever group rickettsioses, and typhus group rickettsioses in a pastoralist community of northern Tanzania, 2016–2017

Moorthy,

Rubach,

Maze

et al. 2024

Tropical Med Int Health

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“…Because of the wide range of hosts, various routes of transmission, the impact on animal and human welfare, and the conditions and worldwide distribution of the countries affected, it is not surprising that One Health in brucellosis has been the topic of at least 10 publications, either in general or when applied to particular situations [ 7 , 8 ]. With variable emphasis, these works summarize the parasite’s biology, transmission patterns, control and vaccination measures and levels of intersectoral cooperation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brucellosis and One Health: Inherited and Future Challenges

et al. 2023

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One Health is the collaborative efforts of multiple disciplines to attain optimal health for people, animals and the environment, a concept that historically owes much to the study of brucellosis, including recent political and ethical considerations. Brucellosis One Health actors include Public Health and Veterinary Services, microbiologists, medical and veterinary practitioners and breeders. Brucellosis awareness, and the correct use of diagnostic, epidemiological and prophylactic tools is essential. In brucellosis, One Health implementation faces inherited and new challenges, some aggravated by global warming and the intensification of breeding to meet growing food demands. In endemic scenarios, disease awareness, stakeholder sensitization/engagement and the need to build breeder trust are unresolved issues, all made difficult by the protean characteristics of this zoonosis. Extended infrastructural weaknesses, often accentuated by geography and climate, are critically important. Capacity-building faces misconceptions derived from an uncritical adoption of control/eradication strategies applied in countries with suitable means, and requires additional reference laboratories in endemic areas. Challenges for One Health implementation includee the lack if research in species other than cattle and small ruminants, the need for a safer small ruminant vaccine, the need to fill in the infrastructure gap, the need for realistic capacity-building, the creation of reference laboratories in critical areas, and the stepwise implementation of measures not directly transposed from the so-called developed countries.

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“…Fever is a common symptom among adult care seekers in sub-Saharan Africa [6], yet it has not been studied epidemiologically by dermatology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Febrile diseases in patients hospitalized at the Department of Dermatology and Venereology of the Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital (CHUYO): Epidemiological, etiological, and therapeutic aspects

Harouna¹,

Diendere²,

Salissou³

2023

Our Dermatol Online

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Introduction: Fever is an important problem at the Department of Dermatology and Venereology of CHUYO. The aim of our study was to analyze the epidemiological, etiological, and therapeutic aspects of fever. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection lasting from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2018. Results: Ninety-four patients out of 235 patients collected were febrile, giving a prevalence of 40%. The mean age of the patients was 42.7 ± 4.008 years, with a sex ratio of 1.08. The clinical diagnoses were predominantly bullous dermatoses, including pemphigus and Lyell’s syndrome. Infectious causes were found in 37.3% of the patients, non-infectious causes in 32.9%, and fevers of undetermined etiology in 9.6%. The main germs isolated were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antibiotic therapy was administered in 86.7% of the cases, mainly aminopenicillins, in 51.1% and third-generation cephalosporin in 22.3%. Thirteen patients (13.8%) died, with mortality being related to advanced age (p = 0.006) and to recognized pathologies of serious prognosis complicated by nosocomial infection (p = 0.046). Conclusion: The cause of fever in hospitalized dermatology patients should be determined. Key words: fever; hospitalization; bullous dermatoses; CHU Yalgado Ouédraogo; Burkina Faso

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Fever, bacterial zoonoses, and One Health in sub-Saharan Africa

Cited by 9 publications

References 31 publications

Prevalence and risk factors for Q fever, spotted fever group rickettsioses, and typhus group rickettsioses in a pastoralist community of northern Tanzania, 2016–2017

Prevalence and risk factors for Q fever, spotted fever group rickettsioses, and typhus group rickettsioses in a pastoralist community of northern Tanzania, 2016–2017

Brucellosis and One Health: Inherited and Future Challenges

Febrile diseases in patients hospitalized at the Department of Dermatology and Venereology of the Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital (CHUYO): Epidemiological, etiological, and therapeutic aspects

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