Fette und Fettbegleitstoffe

Matissek, Reinhard; Steiner, Gabriele; Fischer, Markus

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-92205-6_2

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The lipid content of the raw material was estimated by Soxhlet extraction with n-hexane as solvent according to Matissek et al [28]. The moisture and ash contents were determined at 105 °C and 550 °C according to DIN EN 15935:2009 and12880:2000.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purification of Chitin from Pupal Exuviae of the Black Soldier Fly

Hahn

Tafi

Seggern

et al. 2021

Waste Biomass Valor

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Purpose Chitin purification from remains (pupal exuviae after metamorphosis to adult flies) of Hermetia illucens farming was optimized performing demineralization, deproteinization and bleaching under different conditions. The optimal parameters to obtain high-purity chitin were determined. Methods Dried and ground pupal exuviae, whose composition was initially determined, were demineralized using six different acids. Proteins were removed with a NaOH treatment in which temperature, molarity and duration were varied in a randomized experiment. Bleaching was carried out testing ten different chemicals, including NaOCl, H2O2, solvent mixtures and enzymes. The efficiency of each step was determined to assess the optimal conditions for each of them. The resulting chitin was subjected to spectroscopic characterization. Results The highest demineralization efficiency (90%) was achieved using 0.5 M formic acid for 2 h at 40 °C, confirming the validity of organic acids as a more sustainable alternative to inorganic acids. The treatment with 1.25 M NaOH at 90 °C for 4 h showed the highest deproteinization efficiency, removing 96% of the proteins. Temperature and NaOH concentration were the significant parameters for deproteinization efficiency. The most efficient bleaching treatment was with 6% NaOCl at 60 °C for 1 h (67% efficiency). H2O2 could also be a valid alternative to avoid environmental risk related to chlorine-containing compounds. At the end of the purification process 17% of the original biomass was retained with a chitin content of 85%, corresponding to a chitin yield of 14% related to the initial biomass. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance showed that the purified chitin had a degree of acetylation of 96% and X-ray powder diffraction gave a crystallinity index of 74%. Conclusion This investigation shows an optimized method for extraction of high-purity chitin from H. illucens pupal exuviae, supporting the validity of insect-farming remains as source of this versatile biopolymer. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purification of Chitin from Pupal Exuviae of the Black Soldier Fly

Hahn

Tafi

Seggern

et al. 2021

Waste Biomass Valor

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This index describes the mass of iodine in grams that is bound by 100 g of a chemical substance and is mainly used to calculate the degree of desaturation of fatty acids. The determination of the iodine index was done according to Kaufmann [34]: a saturated bromine solution is added in excess to the solved sample. The following addition reaction (Eq.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Carboxylic Acid-functionalized Possmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The determination of the iodine index of the acid-functionalized POSS (2a-b, 3) was done according to Kaufmann [34]: 0.1 g ± 5 mg of the sample were weighed into a conical shoulder bottle, dissolved in 5 ml methanol and then diluted with 10 ml chloroform. After addition of 25 ml of saturated methanolic bromine solution (60 g of pre-dried sodium bromide were diluted in 500 ml anhydrous methanol and then 2.6 ml of bromine was added) the bottle was closed and stored in darkness for 1 h 15 min.…”

Section: Iodine Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%