Fettalkoholethoxylate mit eingeengter Homologenverteilung ‐ Entwicklung neuer Alkoxylierungskatalysatoren

Behler, Ansgar; Ploog, U.

doi:10.1002/lipi.19900920305

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…20). This is true for all alkaline catalysts, although the deviations in the case of alkaline-earth compounds are less strongly pronounced than in the case of sodium hydroxide or sodium methoxide [97]. The distribution pattern of the homologous polyethylene glycol ethers in an ethoxylate obtained by alkaline catalysis is independent of the temperature, pressure, and catalyst concentration [98], [99].…”

Section: Ethoxylatesmentioning

confidence: 74%

Surfactants

Kosswig

2000

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

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Forces holding the particles of a condensed phase together (cohesive forces) become anisotropic in the phase boundary region, and their normal component becomes smaller compared to the parallel component. To simplify the description and facilitate theoretical treatment, the properties of the boundary region of a condensed phase are projected onto a two-dimensional surface (Gibbs ''dividing surface''). The tensile stress resulting from the anisotropic forces in the boundary region is then termed the interfacial tension. This quantity corresponds to the reversible work required to bring particles from the volume phase to the interface during enlargement of the former, and thus corresponds to the increase in free enthalpy of the system per unit surface area:

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Section: Ethoxylatesmentioning

confidence: 74%

Surfactants

Kosswig

2000

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

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“…A Poisson distribution is obtained from acid catalysis, while alkaline conditions result in a broader distribution. 30 The surfactants contained 1É6 (GP C-080/100) to 4É8 (C-050)% free alcohols and 2É2 (GP C-050) to 3É5 (C-100) unidentiÐed impurities. GP C-050 was liquid at room temperature while GP C-080 and GP-C100 were pastelike and GP-C200 was a waxy solid.…”

Section: Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polydisperse ethoxylated fatty alcohol surfactants as accelerators of cuticular penetration. 1. Effects of ethoxy chain length and the size of the penetrants

Baur¹,

Grayson

Schönherr³

1997

Pestic. Sci.

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: The e †ects of polydisperse ethoxylated fatty alcohol (EFA) surfactants on the penetration of six organic compounds varying in size (molar volumes, 107È282 cm3 mol~1) and lipophilicity (log 0É8È6É5) were investigated using K ow astomatous isolated cuticular membranes (CM) of Citrus and pear leaves. Mobilities of model compounds in CM were measured by unilateral desorption from the outer surface (UDOS). Rate constants (k*) obtained in these experiments are directly proportional to di †usion coefficients and, in the absence of EFA, k* values decreased by a factor of 52 when molar volumes increased only 2É64-fold. Under UDOS conditions using micellar surfactant solutions as desorption media, surfactants are sorbed in the CM and the volume fractions sorbed were found to decrease from approximately 0É062 to 0É018 when the average number of ethoxy groups (nE) increased from 5 to 17. In the presence of the EFA surfactants in the CM, solute mobilities increased markedly though this e †ect diminished with increasing nE. Surfactants with nE \ 17 a †ected solute mobilities only marginally. Surfactant e †ects on solute mobility increased with the size of the solutes leading to almost identical mobilities of the model compounds. With the current range of our model compounds, lipophilicity increased with increasing molar volumes, though evidence is presented showing that the mobilities of solutes depend on their molar volumes while lipophilicity has no e †ect. E †ects of micellar aqueous solutions of polydisperse surfactants on solute mobilities followed the pattern observed with monodisperse ones.Experiments simulating foliar uptake (SOFU), by applying 5-kl droplets of solute and increasing amounts of surfactant (1È20 g litre~1) to the outer surface of the CM and then monitoring the rates of appearance at the inner surfaces of the CM, were carried out with 1-(3-Ñuoromethylphenyl)-5-phenoxy-5H-1,2,3,4-tetrazole (WL110547 ; log and cyanazine (log and the sur-K ow \ 3É6) K ow \ 2É1) factants "GenapolÏ C-050 (GP C-050, nE 5) and "GenapolÏ C-200 (GP C-200, nE 17). In the applied range, uptake increased with increase in amount of both surfactants and both surfactants were more e †ective than polyethylene glycol (PEG 400). The smaller, more lipophilic GP C-050 was able to increase the rates of uptake of both compounds greatly, while GP C-200 had a less, though observable, e †ect, similar to the pattern observed in the UDOS experiments. The results indicated that GP C-050 penetrated the cuticle rapidly while sorption of GP C-200 was slower, though better from a concentrated residue in SOFU experi-* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Contract grant sponsor : Shell Forschung AG. 132Peter Baur, B. T erence Grayson, Jo rg Scho nherr ments than from aqueous solution in UDOS experiments. This induced some acceleration e †ects by GP C-200 in SOFU experiments, but these could be countered by reductions in concentrations, and hence driving forces, for penetration at higher levels of application.

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“…Behler e Ploog (5), da Henkel, avaliaram três novos catalisadores para o processo de produção de etoxilados estreitos. Os catalisadores avaliados foram: (a) sais de metais alcalino terrosos de ácidos graxos hidroxi alcoxi vicinais; (b) sais de metais alcalino terrosos de éster de ácido carboxílico e ( c) éster de ácido titânico.…”

Section: (18)unclassified

Produção e propriedades de álcoois graxos etoxilados com distribuição estreita de oligômeros

Ruiz¹

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Agradeço a todos, sem distinção, que de alguma fonna contribuíram para que eu pudesse alcançar mais esta etapa da minha vida, porém, gostaria de ressaltar alguns nomes. Primeiramente gostaria de agradecer ao apoio do Prof Oswaldo Felippe Júnior pela orientação infonnal desta dissertação. Sua enonne paciência e disponibilidade em todos os momentos em que solicitei sua colaboração foram primordiais para a finalização deste trabalho. Oswaldo, voce é um exemplo de profissional a ser seguido. Muito obrigado! Ao Prof José Atilio Vanin pela orientação deste trabalho e por permitir a execução de um projeto de fonna coordenada entre a Universidade e a Indústria. Espero continuar tendo o privilégio de trabalhar sob sua orientação. À Oxiteno, principalmente na pessoa do Sr. Pedro Wongtschowski, que autorizou a execução e divulgação deste trabalho. A todos os profissionais do Centro de Pesquisa da Oxiteno-Mauá pelo apoio na execução do trabalho experimental e que de alguma fonna participaram deste projeto. Ao José Eduardo, amigo e companheiro, agradeço o amor e a amizade que temos compartilhado, além de sua paciência nos momentos em que a minha paciência é inexistente. Não posso deixar de agradecer o apoio, a compreensão e a segurança transmitidos no momento da decisão de retomar à Universidade. Por todo esse carinho mútuo, Deus nos presenteou com muito amor. À minha mãe, pelo incentivo pennanente em todos os momentos da minha vida e pela paciência que tem até hoje com uma filha tão teimosa. Gostaria de poder ser também uma "grande mãe" como a senhora. Ao Prof Gilberto O. Chiérice, docente do Instituto de Química da USP de São Carlos, orientador em meu trabalho de iniciação científica, pelo incentivo no início da minha carreira. Sou grata a todos os companheiros ligados ao laboratório, Zósia, Vera e Decio. A todos os professores do Instituto de Química da USP de São Paulo e de São Carlos pelo privilégio de ter compartilhado o conhecimento de vocês. A todos os meus familiares e amigos pelo apoio e amizade que podemos compartilhar. Ao Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq, pelo apoio financeiro. Não posso terminar sem agradecer a Deus por iluminar meu caminho e permitir que eu viva entre pessoas tão especiais. 4.4.3.3. Teor de GlicoI.. 4.4.3.4. Taxa de Consumo de ÓXido de Etileno 5. CONCLUSÃO 6. BmLIOGRAFIA ANEXO 1-Método de Cálculo do Consumo da Taxa de Consumo de ÓXido de Etileno por Lagrange l20 ANEXO 2-Planejamento dos Experimentos 121

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Fettalkoholethoxylate mit eingeengter Homologenverteilung ‐ Entwicklung neuer Alkoxylierungskatalysatoren

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

Surfactants

Surfactants

Polydisperse ethoxylated fatty alcohol surfactants as accelerators of cuticular penetration. 1. Effects of ethoxy chain length and the size of the penetrants

Produção e propriedades de álcoois graxos etoxilados com distribuição estreita de oligômeros

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