Fetometria Ultrassonográfica Em Porcas Gestantes Como Método Complementar Para Avaliação Da Morfologia E Determinação Da Idade Fetal

Abstract

Frente ao avanço na utilização das biotécnicas reprodutivas e aos poucos dados referentes ao desenvolvimento gestacional em suínos, faz-se necessária a aplicação de método eficiente de diagnóstico de gestação e da estimativa de idade fetal. Assim, foram submetidas a exames ultrassonográficos, em modo-B, sete fêmeas suínas gestantes, da raça Landrace, em diferentes estádios gestacionais com objetivo de diagnosticar a gestação e estudar parâmetros sobre o desenvolvimento embrionário e/ou fetal dos leitões. Concluiu-se que a ultrassonografia mostrou ser um método bastante acurado e apropriado no diagnóstico gestacional e na avaliação da biometria e morfologia fetais, sendo que o diâmetro biparietal teve o maior número de mensurações quando comparado às demais variáveis, sendo as mesmas consideradas acuradas em virtude das datas de cobertura e de parto serem conhecidas. No entanto, novos estudos devem ser realizados na espécie suína, comparando-se a técnica de biometria fetal em diferentes raças e em diferentes estádios gestacionais.

Ultrasound evaluation of fetal bone development in the collared (Pecari tajacu) and white‐lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari)

“…In both species, the first mineralized structure was the skull, allowing cranial biometry to function as early markers of the gestational age. The high correlation of biparietal diameter with gestational age reinforces this parameter as a reliable and feasible indicator of the fetal age, as previously observed in these species (Mayor et al, 2005), and other domestic ungulates, such as domestic pig (Sus domesticus; Daneze et al, 2012), sheep (Ovis aries; Metodiev et al, 2012), and cattle (Bos taurus; Menezes et al, 2011). The skull is one of the first structures to become mineralized to protect the soft tissues of the brain during its early development (Richtsmeier & Flaherty, 2013).…”

“…In peccaries, the first US signs of mineralization of the skull occur at the end of the initial third of the gestational period, similar to those observed in domestic pigs at 37 days of gestation (26% of the GP; Daneze et al, 2012) and sheep (29% GP; Harris, 1937), other precocial wild species, such as lowland paca ( Cuniculus paca ; 28% GP; Silva et al, 2020), and even altricial species, such as the owl monkey ( Aotus azarai infulatus ; 26% GP; Monteiro et al, 2011), humans (26% GP; Rosignoli et al, 2010; Jin et al, 2016), and marmosets ( Callithrix jacchus ; 27% GP; Phillips, 1976). Thus, the timing of first signs of bone mineralization is similar in precocial and altricial species, showing that the early embryo and fetal development of the skeletal system are similar in mammals (Evans & Sack, 1973).…”

“…In peccaries, the first US signs of mineralization of the skull occur at the end of the initial third of the gestational period, similar to those observed in domestic pigs at 37 days of gestation (26% of the GP; Daneze et al, 2012) and sheep (29% GP; Harris, 1937), other precocial wild species, such as lowland paca (Cuniculus paca;…”

“…Ultrasonography is widely used in many domestic species to measure fetal development using CRL as a surrogate of gestational age (Daneze et al, 2012; Ogata et al, 1999). In both peccary species, CRL and TDL showed a strong correlation with gestational age.…”

Transverse lie with prolapsed arm in a female red‐howler monkey (Alouatta guariba clamitans –Cabrera, 1940)

“…In veterinary medicine, due to pregnancy variations within the same animal species, there are no protocols of prenatal tests. However, numerous studies have been developed in this context to better understand and assess the gestational period and fetal biometric morphology as well as female structures involved in delivery , including female monkeys . As the female monkey in this case was a free living animal, the use of ultrasound only enabled confirmation of fetal death , dystocia was visible through fetus exposure from the vulva.…”