Feto-placental circulatory competence

Reuwer, Paul; Nuyen, W.C.; Beijer, H. J. M.; Heethaar, R.M.; Haspels, A.A.; Bruinse, Hein W.

doi:10.1016/0028-2243(86)90041-9

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Maternal IgG is known to be transferred from about 12 weeks of gestation. Because of the pinocytotic trans mission, the rate of transport across the placenta may be relatively slow; however, the flow released to the fetal circulation is assumed to rise constantly till term, with the growing exchange area of the chorionic villi [4]. Therefore the IgG concentrations found in the fetus have been shown to correlate well with gestational age in parallel with apparently falling maternal concentrations [5,6].…”

mentioning

confidence: 74%

Maternal-Fetal Immune Relationship: Another Point of View

Vliet¹,

Druyts-Voets²

1988

Vox Sanguinis

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Placental transfer of maternal IgG is known to be an active process resulting in a concentration on the fetal side of the circulation - at the apparent expense of that in the mother - at full term. However, when this apparent decrease in maternal IgG is related to the actual hemodilution occurring in parallel, the total inventory of the mother’s IgG appears to be constant throughout pregnancy. Therefore, conclusions regarding the variations in IgG concentrations cannot be drawn without simultaneous information about plasma volume fluctuations.

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mentioning

confidence: 74%

Maternal-Fetal Immune Relationship: Another Point of View

Vliet¹,

Druyts-Voets²

1988

Vox Sanguinis

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“…The feto-placental circulation was almost neglected until Doppler ultrasound was proposed as an early risk assessment tool (Fitzgerald and Drumm, 1977). The easy and routine acquisition of in-vivo data provided the opportunity to investigate and validate various aspects of the fetal circulation, such as the haemodynamics of the umbilical cord (Bracero et al, 1989, Giles et al, 1986, Trudinger et al, 1985, Gill, 1979, Fitzgerald and Drumm, 1977, insights regarding the villous tree function and development (Guiot et al, 1992, Thompson and Stevens, 1989, Reuwer et al, 1986 and the understanding of the complete fetal circulatory system (Kiserud andAcharya, 2004, Fitzgerald et al, 1984). However, Doppler ultrasound cannot provide in-vivo information on the flow at the terminal vasculature due to limits of resolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational modeling of the structure-function relationship in human placental terminal villi

Mayo

Olsthoorn

Charnock-Jones

et al. 2016

Journal of Biomechanics

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Placental oxygen transport takes place at the final branches of the villous tree and is dictated by the relative arrangement of the maternal and fetal circulations. Modeling techniques have failed to accurately assess the structure-function relationship in the terminal villi due to the geometrical complexity. Three-dimensional blood flow and oxygen transport was modeled in four terminal villi reconstructed from confocal image stacks. The blood flow was analyzed along the center lines of capillary segments and the effect of the variability in capillary diameter, tortuosity and branching was investigated. Additionally, a validation study was performed to corroborate the simulation results. The results show how capillary variations impact motion of the fetal blood, and how their bends and dilatations can decelerate the flow by up to 80%. Vortical flow is also demonstrated not to develop in the fetal capillaries. The different geometries are shown to dictate the transport of gases with differences of over 100% in the oxygen flux between samples. Capillary variations are key for efficient oxygen uptake by the fetus; they allow the blood to decelerate where the villous membrane is thinnest allowing for a better oxygenation, but also by reducing the vessel diameter they carry the oxygenated blood away fast. The methodology employed herein could become a platform to simulate complicated in-vivo and in-vitro scenarios of pregnancy complications.

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“…In the study of Ferrazzi et al [38] we found a similar nonlinear relationship between lac tate concentration and pulsatility index in the fetal vessels of pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth retardation. A high pulsatility index indicative of increased pla cental impcdcnce had been shown pre viously for IUGR complicated pregnancies [39][40][41], However, we attempted to couple biochemical and biophysical measurements in man [38], and we looked specifically for a nonlinear relationship between an index of perfusion and an index of fetal oxygenation since such observations would be consistent with the data of Wilkening et al [42], who studied the effect of graded reductions in placental perfusion upon fetal oxygenation in pregnant sheep. The latter study in sheep clearly demonstrated that the relationship between How, oxygen transport and placen tal oxygen transport was not linear and led to the concept of a critical point below which further reductions in flow were associated with profound reductions in placental oxy gen transport.…”

Section: Early Fetal Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 51%

An Update of Fetal and Placental Metabolism: Carbohydrate and Amino Acids

Battaglia¹

1989

Neonatology

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This paper presents a review of fetal and placental metabolism, particularly as it relates to carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. The strengths of simultaneous application of the Fick principle methodology for the determination of net substrate fluxes with tracer methodology for estimating rates of fetal and placental utilization of compounds is discussed and illustrated. The interconversion of nutrients, both within the fetus and in the placenta, is reviewed with particular emphasis on potential cycling of nutrients between the placenta and fetal liver. Recent work defining the changes in fetal and placental metabolism at mid gestation is also discussed. This work is used as an example illustrating the importance of defining a wide gestational age window for study of ontogenetic changes in fetal metabolism. Finally, recent clinical studies utilizing cordocentesis or periumbilical blood sampling for evaluating the biochemical environment of the human fetus at mid gestation are reviewed and compared to data obtained under chronic steady-state conditions in fetal sheep.

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Feto-placental circulatory competence

Cited by 21 publications

References 15 publications

Maternal-Fetal Immune Relationship: Another Point of View

Maternal-Fetal Immune Relationship: Another Point of View

Computational modeling of the structure-function relationship in human placental terminal villi

An Update of Fetal and Placental Metabolism: Carbohydrate and Amino Acids

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