Feto-Maternal Outcome in Rh Negative Pregnant Women in Rims Hospital, Imphal: A Cross Sectional Study

Abstract

Introduction:Incidence of Rh negative pregnancy in western countries is 15%, but in India it varies from 3% to 5.7%. It is a high risk pregnancy, as it may cause antigen-antibody reaction and haemolysis. However, it can be prevented by adequate measures. Aims and objectives: To determine feto-outcome in Rh negative pregnant women. Materials and methods: Across sectional study was carried out in the department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur for the duration of 2 years. The total of 38 Rh negative pregnant women were included in the study after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: In the present study among 38 patients, 31.6% were delivered through Elective LSCS, 26.31% were vaginally delivered and 21.1% were Emergency LSCS. Among 38 patients, 5.3% were preterm birth, 92.1% were term birth and 2.6% were post term birth. In this study, 7.9% of patients in the study group were indirect coomb' test (ICT) positive, 92% were ICT negative. Out of 38 patients, 20 were booked who received antenatal anti-D prophylaxis in contrast to 18 unbooked patients. 35 out of 38 patients received post-natal prophylaxis with 300 mcg anti-D. Perinatal outcome in 38 patients was 73.7% were healthy, NICU admission were 15.8%, intrauterine death (IUD) were 5.3% and 2.6% were neonatal death. The conventional treatment measures are appropriate hydration, phototherapy and exchange transfusion. Conclusions: Rh haemolytic disease of the new-born forms common and preventable cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity. Anti-D IgG administration and proper fetal and neonatal monitoring when required decreases the burden of disease