Feto-Feto-Fetal triplet transfusion syndrome (FFFTTS)

Twin–Twin Transfusion Syndrome and Twin Anemia–Polycythemia Sequence in a Monochorionic Triamniotic Pregnancy

“…In conclusion, monochorionic triamniotic pregnancies are rare and high risk (Adegbite et al, 2005;Enzetami et al, 1997;Fisk et al, 1990;Hayashi et al, 2005;Imaizumi, 2003;Ishii et al, 2006;Leung et al, 2003;Ling et al, 2000;Pons et al, 1990;Rehan et al, 1995). The invasive management of TTTS in monochorionic triplet pregnancies with laser photocoagulation bears the risk of intra-uterine death (Chmait et al, 2009;Diemert et al, 2010;Ishii et al, 2006;Sepulveda et al, 2005;Van Shoubroeck et al, 2004) and TAPS (Lopriore et al, 2007;Robyr et al, 2006).…”

“…Previous studies have demonstrated high rates of morbidity and mortality associated with TTTS in monochorionic triplet pregnancies (Adegbite et al, 2005;Enzetami et al, 1997;Fisk et al, 1990;Hayashi et al, 2005;Ishii et al, 2006;Leung et al, 2003;Ling et al, 2000;Pons et al, 1990;Rehan et al, 1995). Expectant management (Enzetami et al, 1997;Fisk et al, 1990;Pons et al, 1990), termination of pregnancy (Chasen et al, 2002;Diemert et al, 2010), amnioreduction (Adegbite et al, 2005;Chasen et al, 2002;Hayashi et al, 2005;Leung et al, 2003;Ling et al, 2000;Rehan et al, 1995), and laser photocoagulation (Chmait et al, 2009;Diemert et al, 2010;Ishii et al, 2006;Sepulveda et al, 2005;Van Shoubroeck et al, 2004) have been reported to treat these pregnancies.…”

“…Monochorionic triplet pregnancies are rare (Enzetami et al, 1997;Ghulmiyyah et al, 2003;Imaizumi, 2003). Since 2005, to our knowledge, there have been five reported cases of monochorionic triplet pregnancies in Western Australia.…”

“…Monochorionic triplet pregnancies occur in 1 to 4 per 100,000 pregnancies (Enzetami et al, 1997;Ghulmiyyah et al, 2003;Imaizumi, 2003). Twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) can occur between twin pairs in monochorionic triplet pregnancies (Jain & Fisk, 2004).…”

Pseudoamniotic Band Syndrome: A rare complication of monochorionic triplets with twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome

“…2,3 TTTs may also occur in monochorionic triplets, which are as rare as 1-1.6 in 100,000 deliveries. 4 The feasibility of laser in triplets has been demonstrated in some case series. [5][6][7] Pseudoamniotic band syndrome (PABS) is an iatrogenic complication, also from laser surgery, which is associated with defects that are related to the entanglement or amputation of fetal parts by multiple strands of a ruptured amniotic sac.…”