Fetal testosterone insufficiency and abnormal proliferation of Leydig cells and gonocytes in rats exposed to di(n-butyl) phthalate

Mylchreest, Eve; Sar, Madhabananda; Wallace, Duncan G.; Foster, Paul M.D.

doi:10.1016/s0890-6238(01)00201-5

Cited by 281 publications

(216 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This study assessed changes in many androgenic endpoints and found that only DEHP, BBP and to a lesser degree DINP induced alterations in all aspects of androgen-regulated male reproductive endpoints (summarised in Table 1). Although this study did not include DBP there are reports showing that similar effects are produced after in utero exposure to this ester , Mylchreest et al 2002. The period of male reproductive tract development has been demonstrated to be the most sensitive to disruption by phthalates and the types of malformations produced are not dissimilar to those being associated with human TDS.…”

Section: Phthalatesmentioning

confidence: 89%

Environmental anti-androgens and male reproductive health: focus on phthalates and testicular dysgenesis syndrome

Fisher¹

2004

Reproduction

369

214

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The amount of research into endocrine disruption has exploded over the past decade and a re-evaluation of the state of research in this area is timely. There are debates about whether human male reproductive health is really declining and whether endocrine disrupting chemicals play any role in the perceived decline. Most data currently conclude that there are wide geographical variations in semen quality and in the incidence of testicular cancer, cryptorchidism and hypospadias. This review aims to give a brief overview of the issues surrounding the perceived decline in human male reproductive health and the importance of the hormonal environment for the development of the testis and reproductive tract. The consequences for the male reproductive tract of abnormal androgen levels or action are discussed with reference to environmental anti-androgenic compounds. The in vivo data on several anti-androgenic compounds that have been administered to pregnant rodents during the period of male reproductive tract development are assessed with attention to the effects on the male offspring. Finally, the data on in utero phthalate administration are discussed in detail to illustrate the similarities between the effects of some phthalate esters and the human male reproductive tract disorders which comprise testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS).

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Section: Phthalatesmentioning

confidence: 89%

Environmental anti-androgens and male reproductive health: focus on phthalates and testicular dysgenesis syndrome

Fisher¹

2004

Reproduction

369

214

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“…diethylhexyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, and butyl benzyl phthalate) results in many changes in the male reproductive tract, such as decreased anogenital distance, hypospadias, cryptorchidism, disturbed development of prostate, epididymis, vas deferens, and seminal vesicles, retained nipples, and decreased sperm production (Mylchreest et al, 1998(Mylchreest et al, , 1999(Mylchreest et al, , 2000(Mylchreest et al, , 2002Gray et al, 2000;Kavlock et al, 2002a,b,c,d,e;Lottrup et al, 2006;Skakkebaek et al, 2006;Weisbach et al, 2006). The critical window for all of these effects is the latter half of gestation (days 12-21), which is the time during which male sexual differentiation occurs (Mylchreest et al, 1999).…”

Section: ) Phthalatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expressing urine from a gel disposable diaper for biomonitoring using phthalates as an example

Liu

Xia

Guo

et al. 2012

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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The urinary metabolites of phthalates are well-accepted exposure biomarkers for adults and children older than 6 years but are not commonly used for infants owing to non-convenient sampling. In the light of this situation, a novel sampling method based on monitoring the urine expressed from the gel diaper was developed. The urine was expressed from the gel absorbent after mixing the absorbent with CaCl2 and then collected by a laboratory-made device; the urinary phthalate metabolites were extracted and cleaned using a solid-phase extraction (SPE) column and analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry / mass spectrometry. To evaluate the method's feasibility, the following factors were investigated: the proportion of CaCl2 to gel absorbent, the urination volume variation and the target compounds' deposition bias in the diaper, the matrix blank of the different diaper brands, the storage stabilities and the recoveries of creatinine and phthalate metabolites in the expressed urine. Mono-methyl phthalate, mono-ethyl phthalate, mono-butyl phthalate, mono-benzyl phthalate, mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate and mono-2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl phthalate were involved. 70-80% of the urine can be expressed from the diaper, and the expressed spiking recoveries and the limit of detection of mono-phthalates ranged from 88.5-115% and 0.21-0.50 ng/ml. The method was applied to measure phthalate metabolites in 65 gel diaper samples from 15 infants, and the pilot data suggests the infants are commonly exposed to phthalates. In summary, the method for monitoring of infant exposure to phthalates is sound and validated, and the potential health effects from the vulnerable infants' exposure to phthalates should be concerned.39th Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars (SRF for ROCS); Hundred Talent Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams [KZCX2-YW-T08

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“…Experimentally, diethylnitrosamine has been shown to be hormonally active (Liao et al 2001), as well as phthalates (Hoppin et al 2002). There is evidence from animal data that phthalates have adverse reproductive eVects in males (Foeter et al 2001;Gray et al 2000;Mylchreest et al 2002;Nagao et al 2000), and possibly also females (Ema and Miyawaki 2001). Also, some phthalates have been associated with adverse eVects on semen quality in infertile or subfertile couples (Duty et al 2003;Rozati et al 2002).…”

Section: M¡p+mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive outcome in a cohort of male and female rubber workers: a registry study

Jakobsson

Mikoczy

2008

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

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Purpose To investigate whether blue-collar employment in the Swedish rubber industry from 1973 onwards had a negative impact on reproductive health. Methods Pairs of mother and child, and triads of fathermother-child were obtained through linkage of a cohort of 18,518 rubber factory employees with the Swedish Population Registry. Birth outcomes were obtained from the Medical Birth Register for 17,918 children. For each child, parental employment as blue-collar rubber worker during the pregnancy and sperm maturation period was obtained from work-place records. Children to female food industry workers, in all 33,256, constituted an external reference group. Results The sex ratio was reversed, with odds ratio (OR) for having a girl was 1.15 (95% CI 1.02, 1.31) when the mother was exposed. When both parents were exposed, the OR was even higher, 1.28 (95% CI 1.02, 1.62). An increased risk of multiple births was observed when both parents were exposed, with OR 2.42 (95% CI 1.17, 5.01). Children with both maternal and paternal exposure had a reduced birth weight compared to the external reference cohort. After adjustment for smoking (available for births from 1983 onwards), ethnicity and sex, the diVerence between children (singletons, live births) with maternal and paternal exposure and external referents was ¡142 g (95% CI ¡229, ¡54). The adjusted OR for having a small-forgestational-age child was 2.15 (95% CI 1.45, 3.18) when the mother was a rubber worker during the pregnancy. Conclusion There were clear indications that reproductive outcome was adversely aVected in rubber workers. The Wndings warrant further investigation with reWnement of exposure indices and inclusion of other endpoints of reproductive health.

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Fetal testosterone insufficiency and abnormal proliferation of Leydig cells and gonocytes in rats exposed to di(n-butyl) phthalate

Cited by 281 publications

References 28 publications

Environmental anti-androgens and male reproductive health: focus on phthalates and testicular dysgenesis syndrome

Environmental anti-androgens and male reproductive health: focus on phthalates and testicular dysgenesis syndrome

Expressing urine from a gel disposable diaper for biomonitoring using phthalates as an example

Reproductive outcome in a cohort of male and female rubber workers: a registry study

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