Fetal renal volume in normal gestation: a three-dimensional ultrasound study

Yu, Chen-Hsiang; Chang, Chiung-Hsin; Chang, Feng-Cheng; Ko, Huei-Chen; Chen, Hsi‐Yao

doi:10.1016/s0301-5629(00)00298-2

Cited by 62 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Previous authors found 24% underestimation of the renal volume, estimated by US or MRI, if it was regarded as an ellipsoid. It was established that estimation of the renal volume, either adult or fetal, using three-dimensional US systems or the voxel count method assessed by MRI gives a good agreement with true volumes obtained using the Archimedes principle, as the gold standard [Bakker et al, 1999;Matre et al, 1999;Yu et al, 2000]. Results obtained from our research showed that if one used the ellipsoid formula for calculating the fetal renal volume (table 5), the underestimation would be about 32-33% on average .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Related Changes of the Human Fetal Kidney Size

Vlajković¹,

Vasović²,

Daković-Bjelaković³

et al. 2006

Cells Tissues Organs

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Early prenatal diagnostics and the importance of genetic counseling are of great interest for echosonographic evaluation of normal fetus anatomy. Development of the human fetal kidney runs through a series of continual and mutually dependent changes during which the kidney obtains its morphological and functional maturity. This study was created to estimate the changes in kidney size during gestation in fetuses from the 4th to the 10th lunar month, to evaluate the dynamics of their growth, as well as to establish the validity of the volume calculated from these dimensions. Serial measurements of kidney dimensions (length, width, thickness) were performed in 110 fetuses. Photomicrographs of kidneys from the 4th, 6th, 8th and 10th lunar months are also presented. On the basis of the results obtained by our examination, we concluded that the period from the 14th to 16th week of intrauterine life is the fastest period of kidney growth during fetal development. Using the ellipsoid formula for calculating the fetal renal volume offers an underestimation of about 32–33% on average. The importance of this study lies in determining the average fetal kidney dimensions, which could be used as standard values in obstetrics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Related Changes of the Human Fetal Kidney Size

Vlajković¹,

Vasović²,

Daković-Bjelaković³

et al. 2006

Cells Tissues Organs

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“…(1) In addition few observers found an inverse relationship between PI-values in the fetal renal artery and the fetal arterial pO2 obtained by cordocentesis, and the quantity of amniotic fluid in growth restricted fetuses. (21,22,23) On the other hand another study found no change in PI-values of the fetal renal artery in growth restricted fetuses with reduction in renal artery peak systolic velocities with time. Furthermore, they detect a significant correlation between renal artery peak systolic velocity and both pH values in venous cord blood and quantity of amniotic fluid.…”

Section: Correlations(iugr)mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…(20) However others did not agree as they considered that kidney is not true ellipsoid and found that 24% to 32% underestimation of the fetal renal volume while using two dimensional ultrasound. (18,21) Renal Doppler parameters which we included in our study were peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity and pulsatility index. Renal artery pulsatility index is a measure of renal artery resistance and hence renal blood flow.…”

Section: Correlations(iugr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation Between Fetal Renal Volume and Fetal Renal Doppler in Normal and Growth Restricted Fetuses : An Initial Experience

Ratnaparkhi¹,

Mitra²,

Onkar³

et al. 2015

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ABSTRACT:One of the major factors affecting nephrogenesis in utero is intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Few studies showed reduced weight of the fetal kidney in IUGR fetuses as compared to normally grown fetuses. Reduced blood flow to the kidneys due to fetal hypoxemia in IUGR foetus leads to increased pulsatility index which is likely to be responsible for impaired nephrogenesis and decreased kidney volume. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE: To estimate if fetal renal artery Doppler could affect fetal renal volume in healthy and growth restricted fetuses after 26 weeks of gestation. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross sectional study carried out in the Department radio diagnosis, Lata Mangeshkar hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Total 336 patients, which consisted of 309 normally grown fetuses and 27 intrauterine growth restricted fetuses were included in the study. Fetal renal volume of individual kidney, combined renal volume and relative renal volumes were calculated using 2 dimensional ultrasound for normal and IUGR fetuses. Fetal renal artery parameters particularly renal arterial pulsatility index were calculated for both the groups. Correlation of fetal renal Doppler parameters with renal volume was estimated for respective groups. RESULTS: Combined kidney volume was significantly reduced in growth restricted fetuses than normal fetuses i.e. mean combined kidney volume for growth restricted fetuses was 12.6cc and for normal fetuses was 19.29cc. Most of the fetal biometric indices were positively correlated with the combined kidney volume. Increased pulsatility index was seen in growth restricted fetuses i.e. on right side 1.37+/-0.35 and on left 1.40+/-0.35 i.e. >1 while for normal fetuses was 0.88 +/-0.08 on either side i.e. <1. Considerable negative correlation was found between fetal renal artery pulsatility index and renal volume. CONCLUSION: Increased fetal renal artery pulsatility index in intrauterine growth restricted fetuses is negatively correlated with renal volume resulting in reduced renal perfusion and impaired nephrogenesis.

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“…Since the fetal kidney is not a perfect ellipse, it is incorrect to try to calculate its volume by multiplying its diameters by 0.5233 [5] . The volume of irregularly-shaped objects can be more precisely estimated with the use of three-dimensional ultrasound (3D-US) than through two-dimensional ultrasound (2D-US) [6] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While there are three previous publications on fetal renal volume [5,7,8] , only one of them presented reference values throughout pregnancy [5] . In all three studies, the renal volume was calculated using the multiplanar method which traces multiple adjacent sequential planes of the organ.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference Range of Fetal Renal Volume by Three-Dimensional Ultrasonography Using the Vocal Method

et al. 2009

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Objective: To establish reference values for fetal renal volume by three-dimensional sonography using the VOCAL (Virtual Organ Computer-Aided Analysis) method. Methods: This prospective longitudinal study involved 57 healthy pregnant women who were examined between 24 and 34 weeks of pregnancy. Each fetal kidney was evaluated separately using the VOCAL method with a 30° rotation angle. For each gestational age, the following measures were obtained for the right and left kidneys: mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum values, and the 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th percentiles. Polynomial regression models were constructed to assess the relationship between renal volume and gestational age, adjusted by the determination coefficient (R²). The Wilcoxon test was used to evaluate the concordance between the right and left renal volumes. Bland-Altman graphs were used to assess intra- and inter-observer variability. Results: The right renal volume increased from 4.5 ± 1.3 cm³ at 24 weeks to 12.1 ± 1.5 cm³ at 34 weeks. The left renal volume increased from 4.6 ± 0.8 cm³ at 24 weeks to 11.9 ± 1.1 cm³ at 34 weeks. There was a strong correlation between both the right and left renal volumes and gestational age (R² = 0.975 and 0.970, respectively). There were no significant differences between the right and left renal volumes. The mean difference between repeated measures by the same examiner was –0.07 cm³ (–0.88 to 0.75) for the right kidney and –0.21 cm³ (–0.95 to 0.75) for the left kidney. The mean difference between repeated measures obtained by two different examiners was –0.07 cm³ (–1.25 to 1.12) for the right kidney and 0 cm³ (–1.53 to 1.53) for the left kidney. Conclusion: Reference values were generated for fetal renal volume assessed by three-dimensional ultrasonography using the VOCAL method.

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Fetal renal volume in normal gestation: a three-dimensional ultrasound study

Cited by 62 publications

References 21 publications

Age-Related Changes of the Human Fetal Kidney Size

Age-Related Changes of the Human Fetal Kidney Size

Correlation Between Fetal Renal Volume and Fetal Renal Doppler in Normal and Growth Restricted Fetuses : An Initial Experience

Reference Range of Fetal Renal Volume by Three-Dimensional Ultrasonography Using the Vocal Method

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