Fetal, neonatal, and infant microbiome: Perturbations and subsequent effects on brain development and behavior

Heijtz, Rochellys Diaz

doi:10.1016/j.siny.2016.04.012

Cited by 161 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…In the germ-free mice, decreased concentrations of neurotrophic factor were found, which are associated with brain plasticity [11]. Diaz Heijtz [12] reported changes of synaptophysin and PDS-95, which are proteins involved in synaptogenesis, after changing the gut microbiota in mice. Germ-free mice also showed different levels of neurotransmitters, such as noradrenalin, dopamine, and serotonin, compared to colonized mice.…”

Section: Microbiota and The Gut-brain Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

Necrotizing Enterocolitis, Gut Microbiota, and Brain Development: Role of the Brain-Gut Axis

et al. 2019

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Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a relatively common disease in very-low-birth-weight infants and is associated with high mortality and morbidity. In survivors, neurodevelopmental impairment is frequently seen. The exact etiology remains largely to be elucidated, but microbiota are considered to play a major role in the development of NEC. Furthermore, emerging evidence exists that the microbiota is also of importance in brain function and development. Therefore, microbiota characterization has not only potential as a diagnostic or even preventive tool to predict NEC, but may also serve as a biomarker to monitor and possibly even as a target to manipulate brain development. Analysis of fecal volatile organic compounds, which shape the volatile metabolome and reflect microbiota function and host interaction, has been shown to be of interest in the diagnosis of NEC and late-onset sepsis. In this review, we discuss evidence of the role of the complex interplay between microbiota, NEC, and brain development, including the brain-gut axis in preterm infants.

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Section: Microbiota and The Gut-brain Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

Necrotizing Enterocolitis, Gut Microbiota, and Brain Development: Role of the Brain-Gut Axis

et al. 2019

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“…An inconsiderable number of patients with ASD have a history (fetal, neonatal, and infant) of previous antibiotic exposure or hospitalization and GI symptoms; it is important to think about the importance of perturbations in gut microbiome during the first postnatal years of life in modulation of brain development, cognitive functions, and behavior [343]. In the first year of life, decreasing maternal immune protection and child immune system immaturity create an immune vulnerability to disease infection, especially if it is treated with antibiotics, and could facilitate gastrointestinal disorders and dysbiosis.…”

Section: Gastrointestinal Dysbiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genetic and Epigenetic Basis Involved in the Pathophysiology of ASD: Therapeutic Implications

Carrascosa-Romero¹,

Cabo²

2017

Autism - Paradigms, Recent Research and Clinical Applications

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The prevalence of autism has increased in an exponential way in the past few years. Many monogenetic mutations as well as copy number variants and single nucleotide polymorphisms have been associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), a large proportion of which occur in genes associated with synaptogenesis and synaptic function. However, the increase in appearance of genetic alterations does not explain the etiology of an elevated number of ASD cases. Recent research is now focusing on the role of environmental/epigenetic factors, which by themselves and/or in combination with classical genetic factors, may be the root cause of a large number of ASDs. In this chapter we review the current literature regarding the epigenetic changes involved in ASD, including their possible mechanisms of action such as oxidative stress, altered fatty acid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA methylation and histone methylation (via the one-carbon metabolism cycle), histone variants, and ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling. We discuss possible new biochemical markers related to autism as well as new lines of research for therapeutic targets.

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“…In the same mice models microglia (cell population regulating immune response in CNS) have been shown to display altered immune phenotype, thus leading to an attenuated response to infectious challenges [6,19]. The diminished immune response may also be a result of the decreased blood-brain barrier permeability observed in GF mice in comparison to healthy mice [6].…”

Section: Pathophysiological Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of intestinal microbiome on autism spectrum disorder

Γώγου¹,

Gogou²

2016

JPS

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In recent years the gut microbiome has been identified as a major regulator of many organism systems normal function. There is also data showing that gut microbiome is involved in brain development, as it affects synaptogenesis, development of dopamine system and blood-brain barrier permeability. On the other hand, the intestinal microbiome presents significant changes between children with autism and normal children and by-products of gut microbiota seem to be correlated with certain aspects of autistic phenotype, although findings tend to be controversial among different studies. Modification of intestinal microbiome could alleviate some symptoms of autism, but controlled clinical trials are not available, yet.

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Fetal, neonatal, and infant microbiome: Perturbations and subsequent effects on brain development and behavior

Cited by 161 publications

References 62 publications

Necrotizing Enterocolitis, Gut Microbiota, and Brain Development: Role of the Brain-Gut Axis

Necrotizing Enterocolitis, Gut Microbiota, and Brain Development: Role of the Brain-Gut Axis

The Genetic and Epigenetic Basis Involved in the Pathophysiology of ASD: Therapeutic Implications

The effect of intestinal microbiome on autism spectrum disorder

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