Fetal Metabolic Programming in the Etiology of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine dysfunction, which can be characterized by hyperandrogenism and chronic anovulation. The main signs of PCOS are amenorrhea and polycystic forms in the ovaries, being the most common disorder in women in menacme and very commonly associated with other metabolic syndromes. Studies suggest that one of the etiological factors of the syndrome is related to fetal metabolic programming, maternal, nutritional, genetic and environmental influences are determinant in the emergence of diseases, including PCOS. The objective of this work is to relate the fetal metabolic programming with the development of PCOS. The study methodology consists in a literature review, through research in PubMed and Scielo databases. It is concluded that factors such as placental pathologies and maternal metabolism, fetal hypoxia, intrauterine growth restriction, low birth weight, maternal hyperandrogenism state and pathologies that corroborate this, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance (IR), in addition to maternal exposure to plastic components, such as bisphenol A, are factors associated with the etiology of PCOS. Thus, during pregnancy, care must be taken to minimize the chances of future adolescents developing the syndrome and the various comorbidities that are associated with it.