Fetal malformation in maternal toxoplasma and rubella co-infection in Cameroon: a case report

Njoh, Andreas Ateke; Njoh, Sarah Namondo; Abizou, Messang Blandine

doi:10.1186/s13256-016-1133-y

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Prior to rubella vaccine introduction by the EPI, rubella IgM seroprevalence was estimated at 9.3% in measles negative sera [11]. There are two reports on CRS in Cameroon, a case report [12] and a study of CRS in school children [13]. Unfortunately, there is no recent report on rubella in pregnant women in the Center region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of rubella virus antibodies among pregnant women in the Center and South-West regions of Cameroon

et al. 2019

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Rubella infection in early pregnancy can lead to miscarriages, fetal death, or birth of an infant with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). In Cameroon, like in many developing countries, rubella surveillance is not well-established. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of rubella virus specific antibodies among pregnant Cameroonians. We conducted a cross-sectional study for rubella infection among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in the Center and South-West regions of Cameroon. Demographic data and blood were collected and tested for rubella specific antibodies (IgG and IgM), and for the IgM positive cases, IgG avidity and real time PCR was done. From December 2015 to July 2017, 522 serum samples were collected and tested from pregnant women. The seroprevalence of rubella specific IgG was 94.4%, presumably due to immunity induced by wild-type rubella virus. The seroprevalence of rubella specific IgM was 5.0%, possibly indicating rubella infection. However, IgG avidity testing of the IgM positive cases detected high avidity IgGs, ranging from 52.37% to 87.70%, indicating past rubella infection. 5.6% (29/522) of the participants had negative results for IgG to rubella virus, indicating susceptibility to rubella infection. None of the participants had received a rubella containing vaccine (RCV), but 51% (266/522) of the pregnant women lived in a house with a child with records of at least one dose of RCV. Rubella virus RNA was not detected in the urine of any IgM positive case. Findings from this study show that rubella infection is significant in Cameroon. Some pregnant women are still susceptible to rubella infection. For a better management of rubella infection in pregnancy in Cameroon, consideration should be taken to investigate for IgG-avidity test in cases with positive rubella IgM result to distinguish between recent from past rubella infection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of rubella virus antibodies among pregnant women in the Center and South-West regions of Cameroon

et al. 2019

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“…Six papers focused solely on rubella or rubella vaccination [ 60 , 129 , 145 , 176 , 232 , 249 ], addressing rubella infection prevalence among women, immunity in adolescents, screening, and the baseline prevalence of congenital rubella syndrome prior to the introduction of immunization (60). A further 17 papers mentioned rubella or rubella vaccination but did not collect specific data [ 26 , 34 , 55 , 64 , 70 , 73 , 78 , 83 , 88 , 123 , 153 , 164 , 165 , 192 , 238 , 242 , 244 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Papers on environmental pollution focused particularly on exposure to extraction metals such as copper, cobalt, mercury and arsenic [ 67 , 70 , 71 , 95 ]. A further 16 papers mentioned environmental pollution, but did not collect specific data [ 26 , 34 , 44 , 50 , 67 , 70 , 71 , 88 , 95 , 96 , 105 , 132 , 160 , 164 , 183 , 216 , 222 , 227 , 232 , 237 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The burden, prevention and care of infants and children with congenital anomalies in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review

Leke,

Malherbe,

Kalk

et al. 2023

PLOS Glob Public Health

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The aim of this scoping review was to determine the scope, objectives and methodology of contemporary published research on congenital anomalies (CAs) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), to inform activities of the newly established sub-Saharan African Congenital Anomaly Network (sSCAN). MEDLINE was searched for CA-related articles published between January 2016 and June 2021. Articles were classified into four main areas (public health burden, surveillance, prevention, care) and their objectives and methodologies summarized. Of the 532 articles identified, 255 were included. The articles originated from 22 of the 49 SSA countries, with four countries contributing 60% of the articles: Nigeria (22.0%), Ethiopia (14.1%), Uganda (11.7%) and South Africa (11.7%). Only 5.5% of studies involved multiple countries within the region. Most articles included CA as their primary focus (85%), investigated a single CA (88%), focused on CA burden (56.9%) and care (54.1%), with less coverage of surveillance (3.5%) and prevention (13.3%). The most common study designs were case studies/case series (26.6%), followed by cross-sectional surveys (17.6%), retrospective record reviews (17.3%), and cohort studies (17.2%). Studies were mainly derived from single hospitals (60.4%), with only 9% being population-based studies. Most data were obtained from retrospective review of clinical records (56.1%) or via caregiver interviews (34.9%). Few papers included stillbirths (7.5%), prenatally diagnosed CAs (3.5%) or terminations of pregnancy for CA (2.4%).This first-of-a-kind-scoping review on CA in SSA demonstrated an increasing level of awareness and recognition among researchers in SSA of the contribution of CAs to under-5 mortality and morbidity in the region. The review also highlighted the need to address diagnosis, prevention, surveillance and care to meet Sustainable Development Goals 3.2 and 3.8. The SSA sub-region faces unique challenges, including fragmentation of efforts that we hope to surmount through sSCAN via a multidisciplinary and multi-stakeholder approach.

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“…These can be caused by cross-reactions between antibodies and antigens during immunoassays (3). A true IgM multi-positive results for CMV and rubella-specific IgM antibodies indicating co infections are rare instead (3,23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Congenital Toxoplasmosis and Congenital Rubella among Suspected Infants in Baghdad

Raham

Abdul-Wahab²,

Chaloub³

2022

Al-Kindy Col. Med. J

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Congenital toxoplasmosis (CT) and congenital rubella (CR) infections are well-known causes potentially leading to devastating consequences. This report aims to address the prevalence of each of these infections among suspected infants in a pediatric hospital in Baghdad. The study sample includes 120 blood samples of suspected infants consulting Al-Alwyia pediatric teaching hospital over one year. This report represents an extension of a previous article published in Al-Kindy College Medical Journal KCMJ about cytomegalovirus infection (CMV). Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method, the results show that 5.8% and 5% were positive for specific IgM antibodies for rubella and toxoplasmosis respectively. Results also show that CMV is more common than CT and CR. Although results reported one case of co-existence of IgM antibodies for both CMV and rubella, there was a significant association of negative CMV IgG and IgM results with positive rubella results; and negative rubella results with CMV IgG and IgM results. Conclusions: This short brief addressed the prevalence of CT and CR in Baghdad. A novel finding identified in this brief is the association of the prevalence of CR active infection with negative past and negative recent CMV infections, and the association of prevalence of CMV active and past infections with negative CR infection Recommendations: The study recommends increased awareness, early diagnosis and treatment for congenital infection, and consolidation of coverage of the rubella vaccine for children and girls at premarital age.

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Fetal malformation in maternal toxoplasma and rubella co-infection in Cameroon: a case report

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

Seroprevalence of rubella virus antibodies among pregnant women in the Center and South-West regions of Cameroon

Seroprevalence of rubella virus antibodies among pregnant women in the Center and South-West regions of Cameroon

The burden, prevention and care of infants and children with congenital anomalies in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review

Prevalence of Congenital Toxoplasmosis and Congenital Rubella among Suspected Infants in Baghdad

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