Fetal hemoglobin-expressing nucleated red blood cell frequencies in pregnancies with intrauterine growth restriction

Nucleated red blood cells count in pregnancies with idiopathic intra-uterine growth restriction

“…This value is higher than the cut-off levels other studies suggested (5, 11), and is significantly higher than the normal infants considered as the control group. As previously described this number could be reliably considered as fetal NRBC count (19). Increased NRBC count could have a predictive role in IUGR diagnosis and may help the clinicians to detect fetal distress in an appropriate time before the birth and even before ultrasonically diagnosis.…”

“…Villous trophobalstic layers separate the maternal and fetal blood circulation in placenta (2). Placental villus development is disturbed in pregnancies with IUGR which could be due to inconvenient oxygenation (14).…”

“…It has been reported that almost 23% of NRBCs are from the mother in normal pregnancies and the rest are produced in fetus (18). Increased NRBCs in pregnancies with IUGR shows strong relation to positive Kleihauer-Betke stained cells indicating true fetal NRBCs (19). According to those findings, elevated NRBC count could be remarkably referred to fetal erythropoiesis.…”

“…Those data is always said to be due to the increased erythroblasts in fetal circulation even if placenta has normal perfusion (2). A significant difference of NRBC count in umbilical artery samples of normal pregnancies versus preeclamptic ones with and without IUGR was reported in 2010 (9).…”

“…Several conditions are known to be in association with IUGR and the causes are not exactly clarified (1). Functional disturbance of placenta could be the underlying pathology (2). …”