Fetal Growth and Neonatal Outcomes in Pregestational Diabetes Mellitus in a Population with a High Prevalence of Diabetes

Abstract

The aim of this retrospective study, conducted in an Italian tertiary care hospital, was to evaluate maternal-fetal and neonatal clinical outcomes in a group of patients with pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM), such as diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1), diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2), and maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY). Overall, 174 pregnant women, nulliparous and multiparous, with a single pregnancy were enrolled. Data on pregnancy, childbirth, and newborns were collected from medical records. The selected patients were divided into two groups: the PGDM group (42 with DM1, 14 with DM2, and 2 with MODY), and the control group (116 patients with a negative pathological history of diabetes mellitus). We reported an incidence of preterm delivery of 55.2% in the PGDM group, including 59.5% of those with DM1 and 42.9% of those with DM2, vs. 6% in the controls. Fetal growth disorders, such as intrauterine growth retardation, small for gestational age, and fetal macrosomia were found in 19% and 3.6% in the case and control groups, respectively. A relationship between DM2 and gestational hypertension was found.

Maternal Diabetes Mellitus and Neonatal Outcomes in Bisha: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

“…In this study, macrosomia was the most common neonatal finding related to GDM, which is supported by studies showing that GDM is associated with macrosomia [25,27]. Moreover, RDS was strongly associated with all types of maternal DM, which is supported by studies showing that GDM and pre-GDM had a greater association with RDS [26,[28][29][30], and Sepsis was related to maternal diabetes, which is also supported by a study that showed greater concern between sepsis and maternal DM and hypertension [31]. In this research, association between maternal diabetes and neonatal death was found, which is supported by previous studies that had suggested an association with neonatal mortality [32] but is different from a study that showed no association between maternal diabetes and neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage, or neonatal death [33].…”

Maternal Diabetes Mellitus and Neonatal Outcomes in Bisha: A Retrospective Cohort Study

“…In this study, macrosomia was the second most common neonatal finding related to GDM, which is supported by studies showing that GDM is associated with macrosomia [25,27]. Moreover, RDS was strongly associated with all types of maternal DM, which is supported by studies showing that GDM and pre-GDM has a greater association with RDS [26,[28][29][30], and Sepsis is related to maternal diabetes, which is also supported by a study that showed a stronger relationship between sepsis and maternal DM and hypertension [31]. In this research, an association between maternal diabetes and neonatal death was found, which is supported by previous studies that suggested an association with neonatal mortality [32], but is different from a study that showed no association between maternal diabetes and neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage, or neonatal death [33].…”

Reproductive care in Thai women with diabetes mellitus: A descriptive cross-sectional study

“…Pre-existing DM primarily refers to type 1 or 2 DM diagnosed before pregnancy, which complicates one to two percent of all pregnancies and accounts for 13 to 21 percent of DM cases in pregnancy [3,4]. This condition substantially threatens maternal and perinatal outcomes, including miscarriage, congenital anomalies, preterm birth, preeclampsia, and increased perinatal morbidity and mortality [5][6][7]. An increase in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels from 5.6 to 6.8 % can triple the risk of congenital abnormalities [8,9].…”