Fetal Growth and Early Postnatal Growth Are Related to Blood Pressure in Adults

Cheung, Yin Bun; Low, Lck; Osmond, Clive; Barker, D. J. P.; Karlberg, Johan

doi:10.1161/01.hyp.36.5.795

Cited by 86 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Several researchers have suggested that the rapid weight gain in early childhood, which may occur to a greater extent in lower birth weight babies, results in the deposition of greater fat reserves that consequently leads to a higher BMI in later life (Barker et al, 1994;Cheung et al, 2000;Lucas et al, 1999). We did not find any evidence that, in females, low birth weight was associated with increased body mass in childhood or adolescence, or in adulthood.…”

Section: Figurecontrasting

confidence: 88%

Association of Birth Weight and Current Body Size to Blood Pressure in Female Twins

Nowson¹,

MacInnis

Hopper

et al. 2001

Twin res.

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It has been proposed that low birth weight is associated with high levels of blood pressure in later life. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of blood pressure to birth weight and current body size during growth and adulthood. A total of 711 female multiple births, with one group of 244 in their growth phase mean age 12.0 (2.3)(SD) years and the other of 467 adults (mean age 35.2 (12.6) years), had height, weight and both systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures measured, and self-reported their birth weight. Regression analyses were performed to assess the cross-sectional and within-pair associations of blood pressure to birth weight, with and without adjustments for current body size. Within-pair analysis was based on 296 twin pairs. Cross-sectionally, a reduction in birth weight of 1 kg was associated with 2 to 3 mm Hg higher age-adjusted SBP, which was of marginal significance and explained about 2% of the population variance. Adjustment for body mass index did not significantly change this association. Within-pair analyses found no association between birth weight and SBP or DBP, even after adjusting for current body size. After age, current body size was the strongest predictor of systolic BP. The weak association of blood pressure to birth weight cross-sectionally is of interest, but any within-pair effect of birth weight on blood pressure must be minimal compared with the effect of current body size.

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Section: Figurecontrasting

confidence: 88%

Association of Birth Weight and Current Body Size to Blood Pressure in Female Twins

Nowson¹,

MacInnis

Hopper

et al. 2001

Twin res.

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show abstract

“…33 It has been shown that postnatal changes in ponderal index from age 6 to 18 months were inversely associated with systolic blood pressure in adults. 37 Even in early childhood, our study shows that early postnatal growth acceleration can lead to an increase in the risk of raised blood pressure among young children, independently of their current weight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Effect of postnatal catch-up growth on blood pressure in children at 3 years of age

et al. 2007

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“…Whincup et al 15 found no effect of growth rates to age 3 on BP in 3-year-old British children. In contrast, Cheung et al 16 found that after controlling for birth length and ponderal index, the change in ponderal index from 6 to18 months was inversely associated with systolic BP in young Hong Kong adults. Law et al 17 found no association of growth in infancy, but more rapid weight gain from 1 to 5 years was associated with higher systolic BP in young British adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Rapid Child Growth Raises Blood Pressure in Adolescent Boys Who Were Thin at Birth

2003

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Abstract-Catch-up growth in previously growth-restricted children is a suggested risk factor for chronic disease risk. We use data from 2026 Filipino adolescents to identify periods of growth that matter more for risk of high blood pressure (BP). Subjects were drawn from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey, which enrolled pregnant women and followed up their offspring through age14 to 16 years. High BP was defined as the top 10% of residuals from gender-specific regressions of systolic and diastolic BP on age and height. After controlling for birth length, current body mass index, age, and height, the odds of high BP in males were significantly decreased with each kilogram increase in birth weight. The highest odds of elevated BP occurred among males who were relatively thin at birth but relatively heavy as adolescents. Larger weight increments from birth to 2 years decreased the odds of high BP in boys, whereas larger increments from 8 to 11 and 11 to 16 years increased the odds of high BP. Thinness at birth significantly interacted with growth rate after age 8, such that a high rate of weight gain increased risk only among boys who were in the lower two thirds of the body mass index distribution at birth. Results in girls indicated small or no effects of early growth. The synergistic effect on adolescent BP of rapid weight gain from late childhood into adolescence with thinness at birth is further evidence of fetal programming of BP in males and suggests long-term health risks associated with rapid growth, even in the absence of obesity. Key Words: birth weight Ⅲ blood pressure Ⅲ child growth Ⅲ infant nutrition Ⅲ adolescents M any studies that examine the relation of size at birth to blood pressure (BP) later in life find an inverse relation that is evident or stronger only after controlling for current body size. 1 Children at greatest risk of high BP and other cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors are typically those who are relatively small at birth but relatively large at the time when CVD risk is assessed. This suggests an important role for postnatal changes in body size. 2 A recent review 3 identified numerous studies that associated more rapid postnatal growth with increased BP in childhood or adulthood. However, there remain important questions about whether the timing of rapid growth affects later risk of disease. A higher-than-average rate of early postnatal growth is often observed among infants who were growth restricted in utero and is generally regarded as a desirable marker of infant health. For children in developed countries, rapid growth in childhood and adolescence is associated with increased

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Fetal Growth and Early Postnatal Growth Are Related to Blood Pressure in Adults

Cited by 86 publications

References 23 publications

Association of Birth Weight and Current Body Size to Blood Pressure in Female Twins

Association of Birth Weight and Current Body Size to Blood Pressure in Female Twins

Effect of postnatal catch-up growth on blood pressure in children at 3 years of age

Rapid Child Growth Raises Blood Pressure in Adolescent Boys Who Were Thin at Birth

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