Fetal growth and cardiovascular risk factors in Jamaican schoolchildren

Forrester, Terrence; Wilks, Rainford; Bennett, Franklyn I.; Simeon, Donald; Osmond, Clive; Allen, M. C.; Chung, Andrene P; Scott, Peter

doi:10.1136/bmj.312.7024.156

Cited by 202 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…independent of social class even during childhood. 91,92 Nonetheless, as individuals tend to Psychophysiological studies have demonstrated associations between acute psychosocial stressors remain in the same or similar socio-economic strata as their parents, 93 it may be that some of the SES and acute elevations of BP. There is a large literature (not reviewed here) on the relation between specific difference in BP which emerges during adulthood has its origin in differences in birthweight.…”

Section: Grade Occupation Ethnic Group Psycho-social Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-economic status and blood pressure: an overview analysis

Colhoun

Hemingway²,

Poulter³

1998

J Hum Hypertens

345

269

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Background: Mortality rates from hypertension relatedThe finding of an SES gradient in BP, despite adjusting for treatment in some studies and the lack of consistent diseases such as coronary heart disease, hypertensive heart disease, stroke and end stage renal disease show SES differences in hypertension treatment rates, makes differential treatment an unlikely explanation for the SES an inverse association with socio-economic status (SES). gradient in BP. A substantial part of the SES gradient was accounted for by the SES gradient in body mass Objectives: To review the published literature in order to assess whether (i) there is an association between index. Alcohol consumption across SES groups accounted for part of the association in men though few SES and blood pressure (BP), and if so whether this is explained by (ii) SES differences in treatment rates, or studies examined this issue specifically. In contrast, in undeveloped or developing countries a direct associ-(iii) SES differences in established risk factors for hypertension, or (iv) psycho-social factors associated ation between SES and BP has often been found which may reflect a higher prevalence of obesity, and higher with SES. Method: A narrative systematic review of published artsalt and alcohol intakes among those of higher SES. The SES differences in BP were not detectable in most studicles identified from a MEDLINE search from 1966-1996 and manual searching of the retrieved articles' biblioies in children. There is little evidence that adverse psycho-social factors associated with low SES cause graphies. Results: Lower SES was associated with higher mean chronic elevations in BP. Conclusion: A major challenge in reducing the SES BPs in almost all studies in developed countries. This inverse gradient was both stronger and more consistgradient in BP is to understand and prevent the SES differences in obesity, which are particularly large in ently found in women than in men. The magnitude of the association varied but generally was quite small, women. Future research should be directed to this question. with age adjusted mean systolic BP differences of about 2-3 mm Hg between the highest and lowest SES groups.

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Section: Grade Occupation Ethnic Group Psycho-social Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-economic status and blood pressure: an overview analysis

Colhoun

Hemingway²,

Poulter³

1998

J Hum Hypertens

345

269

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Many studies have demonstrated inverse relationships between birth weight and blood pressure in adults and children (Elford et al, 1991;Barker et al, 1990;Forrester et al, 1996), although this relationship is not always found (Macintyre et al, 1991). The range of birth weights for both groups was quite wide and the correlation coef®cients between systolic blood pressure and birth weight were close to zero.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Early linear growth retardation and later blood pressure

Gaskin

Walker

et al. 2000

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: To examine the effects of stunting in early childhood on blood pressure in later childhood. Design: A cohort study. Setting: Kingston, Jamaica. Subjects: Seven to eight year old children, 120 stunted (height for age`À2 s.d. of the NCHS references) and 224 non-stunted (height for age b À1 s.d. of the NCHS references) at age 9 ± 24 months. Methods: Stunted and non-stunted children were identi®ed at age 9 ± 24 months by house to-house survey of poor neighbourhoods in Kingston, Jamaica. Blood pressure and anthropometry were measured at age 7 ± 8 y. Birth weight was obtained from hospital records (73%) or maternal recall. Results: The stunted children remained shorter and thinner than the non-stunted ones. In multiple regression analysis adjusting for size and pulse rate, the stunted children had higher systolic blood pressure (P`0.05). Birth weight was not a signi®cant predictor of systolic blood pressure. Conclusion: Stunting in early childhood may increase the risk of elevated systolic blood pressure in later life.

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“…A questionnaire was administered to the parent and child to determine medical history and socioeconomic status (Forrester et al, 1996). Children with systemic or genetic diseases, eg sickle cell disease, were excluded.…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fetal programming of glucose intolerance might also make a significant contribution to the genesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (Hales et al, 1991;Forrester et al, 1996;Phipps et al, 1993;Leger et al, 1997). Recent studies have shown that impaired glucose tolerance and frank diabetes in adult life are related to growth restraint during fetal life (Hales et al, 1991;Barker, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shortness at birth is associated with insulin resistance in pre-pubertal Jamaican children

et al. 2002

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Aim: To investigate the relationship between anthropometry at birth and glucose=insulin metabolism in childhood using the response to an oral glucose challenge. Method: Four hundred mother=child pairs on whom gestational and birth data were available were studied. After an overnight fast, anthropometric measurements were made on the children and an oral glucose tolerance test performed. The plasma concentrations of insulin, pro-insulin and 32 -33 split pro-insulin were also measured. Skinfold thicknesses were used to calculate percentage body fat and fat mass was derived from the percentage fat and absolute weight. Results: The mean age of the children was 8 y (range 7.5 -10.5), and six exhibited impaired glucose tolerance based on WHO criteria. Insulin concentration 120 min after the oral glucose load (a measure of insulin resistance) was inversely related to length at birth (P<0.005). The children who were in the shortest quartile at birth and were heaviest at 8 y old had the highest insulin concentration. Conclusion: Shortness at birth is related to insulin resistance. Such insensitivity to the action of insulin is greater in heavier children.

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Fetal growth and cardiovascular risk factors in Jamaican schoolchildren

Cited by 202 publications

References 36 publications

Socio-economic status and blood pressure: an overview analysis

Socio-economic status and blood pressure: an overview analysis

Early linear growth retardation and later blood pressure

Shortness at birth is associated with insulin resistance in pre-pubertal Jamaican children

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