Fetal glucose metabolism and oxygen consumption during sustained hypoglycemia

DiGiacomo, J. E.; Hay, William W.

doi:10.1016/0026-0495(90)90075-n

Cited by 64 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The ewes were housed in a room with the temperature controlled between 10 and 20°C. At least two sheep were always housed together for company (6,7 Maternal arterial blood was sampled daily or twice daily for measurement of glucose and insulin concentration. The maternal arterial whole-blood glucose concentrations were used to adjust the insulin infusion rate to achieve a desired arterial whole-blood glucose concentration of approximately 1.4 mmol/L (25 mg/dL), representing an estimated reduction of 50% from normal.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The maternal arterial whole-blood glucose concentrations were used to adjust the insulin infusion rate to achieve a desired arterial whole-blood glucose concentration of approximately 1.4 mmol/L (25 mg/dL), representing an estimated reduction of 50% from normal. After fetal catheterization at 1 15 d gestation, it was observed that the maternal hypoglycemia also produced an approximately proportional decrease in fetal glucose and insulin concentrations (6).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chronically HH fetal lamb is a growth-retarded fetus that has been shown to have significant fetal glucose production (6). Because the HH fetal lamb is growth-retarded and has little hepatic glycogen, this observed fetal glucose production may be due to gluconeogenesis (6).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the HH fetal lamb is growth-retarded and has little hepatic glycogen, this observed fetal glucose production may be due to gluconeogenesis (6). Study of the gluconeogenic potential in such a model is important, as human infants with intrauterine growth retardation are frequently hypoglycemic, and limited gluconeogenesis has been suggested as one possible cause.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Induction of Cytosolic Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase in the Ovine Fetal Liver by Chronic Fetal Hypoglycemia and Hypoinsulinemia

1993

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ABSTRACT. Fetal glucose production has been observed in the chronically hypoglycemic, hypoinsulinemic (HH) fetal lamb. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that induction of hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes occurs in this condition. The activities of both mitochondrial and cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), fructose-1,6-diphosphatase, and glucose-6-phosphatase, three key enzymes of gluconeogenesis, were determined in fetal sheep liver from H H lambs and controls (CONT). Pregnant ewes were maintained chronically hypoglycemic by continuous hyperinsulinemic clamps from approximately 80 d of gestational age (53% of gestation) for 6 wk. Fetuses (gestational age: H H = 136 -C 2.6, CONT = 133 2 3.7 d) were maintained chronically hypoglycemic [HH = 0.51 f 0.05 versus CONT = 1.22 f 0.11 mmol/L (9.2 f 1.0 versus 21.9 f 11.9 mg/dL)] and hypoinsulinemic (HH = 3.3 f 0.6 versus CONT = 12.0 f 2.2 pU/mL) and delivered by cesarean section after measurement of fetal glucose production rate. Hepatic cytosolic PEPCK was 6.0 f 1.4 nmol/min/mg protein in CONT and 19.7 f 2.5 in H H lamb (p < 0.05), whereas mitochondrial PEPCK was not different between the two groups. Neither fructose-1,6-dipbosphatase or glucose-6-phosphatase activities nor plasma glucagon levels were different between groups. These results suggest that chronic fetal hypoglycemia and hypoinsulinemia prematurely induce hepatic cytosolic PEPCK in the fetal lamb. The observed fetal glucose production in the H H fetal lamb may be due to gluconeogenesis. (Pediatr Res 33: 493-496, 1993) Abbreviations PEPCK, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase G-6-Pase, glucose-6-phosphatase HH, hypoglycemic, hypoinsulinemic FDPase, fructose-1,6-diphosphatase Hepatic gluconeogenesis does not occur at significant rates in the unstressed fetal sheep (1). After birth, the newborn must

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Induction of Cytosolic Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase in the Ovine Fetal Liver by Chronic Fetal Hypoglycemia and Hypoinsulinemia

1993

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“…This is the case after meal intake in the pig where the slope of the relationship between foetal and maternal glycaemia is about 0.30 [13]. In contrast, fasting [14,15] or insulin perfusion [16] in sheep decreases glucose umbilical uptake. This induces the foetus to alter its metabolism and to require less exogenous glucose, very likely through insulin regulation [17].…”

Section: Glucosementioning

confidence: 97%

Materno-foetal exchanges and utilisation of nutrients by the foetus: comparison between species

Père

2003

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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-Several general features of nutrient uptake and utilisation by foetuses are similar among mammalian species. Nevertheless, there are also differences linked mainly to differences in placental permeability. Glucose and lactate are the main energetic substrates of the foetus. In normal conditions, the oxidation of carbohydrates accounts for about 75, 60 and 50% of oxygen uptake in the foetal pig, foal and lamb, respectively, and acetate accounts for about 10% in ruminants. Acidic amino acids are synthesised by the foetus, whereas neutral and basic amino acids are transported from the placenta. As shown by the high urea level in foetal blood, amino acids are partly involved in the oxidative metabolism of foetuses; their contribution is higher in ruminants than in humans, horses and pigs. Fatty acids cross the haemochorial placenta of rodents, rabbits and primates, and are incorporated into the foetal lipids, whereas their uptake by ruminant, pig and horse foetuses is very low.materno-foetal exchange / mammal / carbohydrate / fatty acid / amino acid

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Glycemic control in the diabetic pregnancy: Is tighter always better?

Rosenn

Miodovnik

2000

J. Matern. Fetal Med.

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Fetal glucose metabolism and oxygen consumption during sustained hypoglycemia

Cited by 64 publications

References 13 publications

Induction of Cytosolic Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase in the Ovine Fetal Liver by Chronic Fetal Hypoglycemia and Hypoinsulinemia

Induction of Cytosolic Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase in the Ovine Fetal Liver by Chronic Fetal Hypoglycemia and Hypoinsulinemia

Materno-foetal exchanges and utilisation of nutrients by the foetus: comparison between species

Glycemic control in the diabetic pregnancy: Is tighter always better?

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