Fetal Ebstein's anomaly: early and late appearance

Abstract

Fetal Ebstein's anomaly may be detected in early pregnancy. The incidence is higher than what is reported in newborns. Depiction of a normal fetal heart in early and midpregnancy does not exclude the possibility of subsequent development of Ebstein's anomaly.

Diverse outcome following early prenatal diagnosis of pulmonary stenosis

“…In our experience, 99% of fetal cardiac anomalies, with the exception of PS and leiomyoma of myocardium, are detectable by the early mid-trimester screen at 14-17 weeks, and over 90% of them are detected in the low-risk population. In previous studies, we detected almost all of the severe fetal cardiac malformations (hundreds of such cases) in the early second trimester 12,14,15 .…”

“…Although PS is relatively common, prenatal diagnosis of this congenital heart defect has been reported only rarely. In these cases, a distinction was made between the finding of pure PS and the more severe finding of pulmonary atresia with an intact ventricular septum. Most cases were described in fetuses beyond the age of 17 weeks; with the exception of our previous report of 11 cases from our current cohort, there have been no publications on the early prenatal diagnosis of PS.…”

“…Although PS is relatively common, prenatal diagnosis of this congenital heart defect has been reported only rarely. In these cases, a distinction was made between the finding of pure PS and the more severe finding of pulmonary atresia with an intact ventricular septum.…”

Echocardiographic Characteristics and Prognosis of the Fetuses with Ebstein Anomaly in Pregnancy

“…However, worse prognosis is observed when EA is combined with other diseases, consistent with the conclusions in our study. Other studies also reported that factors, including fetal edema, cardiac hypertrophy, out ow obstruction, and cardiothoracic ratio > 0.55, are suggestive of poor prognosis for the fetuses 13 . Upon longer duration of TV malformation, the disease will be getting severe gradually; the right heart will be overloaded, thus inducing right heart failure, and increasing the burden of the right heart.…”

Electronic fetal heart rate monitoring in five fetuses with Ebstein's anomaly

“…Ebstein's anomaly is a rare cardiac defect of the tricuspid valve, resulting in a range of clinical features depending on the extent of valve displacement, occurring in 1/6000 pregnancies . The tricuspid valve leaflets and chordae are formed from the interior of the right ventricular myocardium by a process called delamination.…”