Fetal Disease and Abortion

Baumgartner, Wes

doi:10.1002/9781118833971.ch54

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 149 publications

(260 reference statements)

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“…Samples were accepted from the Pathology section at the Faculty of Veterinary Science, regional government laboratories, private laboratories, private veterinarians or State veterinarians. Criteria for selection was abortion meaning a foetus expelled from the uterus before it was full term and viable (Baumgartner 2015 ). Indications that the calf/lamb/kid was born alive such as aerated lungs, colostrum in the abomasum or worn golden slippers were criteria for exclusion.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Abortions in domestic ruminants cause significant economic losses to farmers worldwide (Borel et al 2014 ). Abortion is defined as the expulsion of the foetus from the uterus before it is full term and viable (Baumgartner 2015 ). Diagnosis of the cause of an abortion plays an important role in the subsequent mitigation and control efforts (Borel et al 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Approaches to increase recovery of bacterial and fungal abortion agents in domestic ruminants

Jonker

Thompson

Michel

2023

Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research

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Abortions in domestic ruminants cause significant economic losses to farmers. Determining the cause of an abortion is important for control efforts, but it can be challenging. All available diagnostic methods in the bacteriology laboratory should be employed in every case due to the many limiting factors (autolysis, lack of history, range of samples) that complicate the investigation process. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the recovery of diagnostically significant isolates from domestic ruminant abortion cases could be increased through the use of a combination of the existing aerobic culture and Brucella selective method with methods that are commonly recommended in the literature reporting abortion investigations. These methods are examination of wet preparations and impression smears stained by the modified Ziehl–Neelsen method, anaerobic, microaerophilic, Leptospira, Mycoplasma and fungal culture. Samples of placenta and aborted foetuses from 135 routine clinical abortion cases of cattle (n = 88), sheep (n = 25) and goats (n = 22) were analysed by the new combination of methods. In 46 cases, bacteria were identified as aetiological agents and in one case a fungus. Isolation of Brucella species increased to 7.4% over two years compared with the previous 10 years (7.3%), as well as Campylobacter jejuni (n = 2) and Rhizopus species (n = 1). Salmonella species (5.9%) and Trueperella pyogenes (4.4%) were also isolated more often. In conclusion, the approach was effective in removing test selection bias in the bacteriology laboratory. The importance of performing an in-depth study on the products of abortion by means of an extensive, combination of conventional culture methods was emphasised by increased isolation of Brucella abortus and isolation of C. jejuni. The combination of methods that yielded the most clinically relevant isolates was aerobic, microaerophilic, Brucella and fungal cultures.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approaches to increase recovery of bacterial and fungal abortion agents in domestic ruminants

Jonker

Thompson

Michel

2023

Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research

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“…8 Hydrop uteri refers to an excessive accumulation of fluids in the amniotic (hydramnios) or allantoic (hydrallantois) cavity. 9 Distinction between these two can be made by analysing the viscosity and composition of uterine fluids. In our case, the fluid was viscid, mucoidal and syrupy in consistency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The diagnosis of hydrops uteri was relatively straightforward based on anamnesis and clinical (transrectal and ultrasonographic) examination 8 . Hydrop uteri refers to an excessive accumulation of fluids in the amniotic (hydramnios) or allantoic (hydrallantois) cavity 9 . Distinction between these two can be made by analysing the viscosity and composition of uterine fluids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrops amnion in a Belgian blue cow combined with prolonged gestation and anencephaly of the calf

Kemel

Brack

Schroyen

et al. 2022

Vet Record Case Reports

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In cattle, hydrops amnion is a rare pathological condition. In the present study, we report such a case in a Belgian blue cow suffering from prolonged gestation. A presumptive diagnosis was based on clinical examination, including transrectal ultrasonography. Management included inducing parturition with dinoprost and dexamethasone, where 36 hours later, a left flank recumbent caesarean section was performed. A live, oversized, male calf (76 kg) with a frontal cephalocele/meningocele was delivered. Postmortem examination revealed anencephaly, characterised by the absence of the cerebrum. Intravenous fluid therapy was administered during surgery to prevent hypovolemic shock, and postoperative treatment consisted of intramuscular injections of 100 IU of oxytocin and antibiotics (procaine benzylpenicillin) for 3 consecutive days. After 5 days, the patient was discharged from the clinic.

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“…Infectious agents are the most common causes of domestic ruminant abortions [ 1 ] representing important economic losses in the agricultural industry [ 2 ]. Abortion is defined as the premature end of a pregnancy with the expulsion of a non-viable foetus [ 3 ]. Three families in the order Chlamydiales are of significance as agents of abortion, namely Chlamydiaceae, Waddliaceae and Parachlamydiaceae [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization and Application of Real-Time qPCR Assays in Detection and Identification of Chlamydiales in Products of Domestic Ruminant Abortion

Jonker

Michel

2023

Pathogens

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Domestic ruminant abortions due to infectious agents represent an important cause of economic losses in the agricultural industry. This study aimed to optimise and apply qPCR assays for detection of Chlamydiales in domestic ruminant abortion cases. Primers and probes for detection of the order Chlamydiales, Chlamydia abortus, Chlamydia pecorum, Parachlamydia acanthamoeba and Waddlia chondrophila were taken from the literature to create one singleplex and two duplex assays and the assays were optimised. Placentitis and pneumonia are pathological lesions associated with Chlamydiales infection. In a previous study, twenty-five clinical cases had pathological lesions of placentitis or pneumonia. These cases were investigated further by application of the qPCR assays in this study. Chlamydiales were detected in 16 cases. C. abortus, P. acanthamoeba and W. chondrophila were detected in bovine; and C. pecorum and W. chondrophila in ovine and caprine cases. Chlamydiales were detected in three previously inconclusive cases. Identification was improved from genus to species level (C. pecorum). Four cases remained inconclusive. In conclusion, detection of Chlamydiales and differentiation to species level was improved. This study reports the first detection of P. acanthamoeba and W. chondrophila in abortion cases in South Africa, indicating a potentially significant role in abortions in this country.

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Fetal Disease and Abortion

Cited by 5 publications

References 149 publications

Approaches to increase recovery of bacterial and fungal abortion agents in domestic ruminants

Approaches to increase recovery of bacterial and fungal abortion agents in domestic ruminants

Hydrops amnion in a Belgian blue cow combined with prolonged gestation and anencephaly of the calf

Optimization and Application of Real-Time qPCR Assays in Detection and Identification of Chlamydiales in Products of Domestic Ruminant Abortion

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